Exam (elaborations) PPMES Block 2 - Navy History and Heritage

Exam (elaborations) PPMES Block 2 - Navy History and Heritage Block 1 Defending the New Nation: Who was the last active Continental Navy officer and the first U.S. Navy commissioned officer? John Barry Why were the border lakes between the U.S. and Canada of strategic importance during the War of 1812? The Americans planned to win the war by conquering Canada and needed control of the lakes to do so. Which of the following was NOT an innovation in naval warfare introduced by the U.S. between 1775 and 1815? Who fought at anchor in Plattsburg Bay to nullify Royal Navy long guns and maximize American carronades, and won the most strategic naval victory of the War of 1812? Thomas Macdonough During the War for independence, which countries came to the assistance of America with their navies? France, Spain, and the Netherlands How did the frigate Philadelphia complicate the Navy’s task in the War with Tripoli? The crew was captured after the frigate ran aground in Tripoli Harbor and the Pasha of Tripoli demanded ransom for its three hundred sailors taken as prisoners of war. In 1794, Congress authorized the president to create a naval force of 6 frigates in response to ____________________. the threat from the Barbary Powers of Africa's Mediterranean coast Sailing in Distant Waters: Which of following changes in the naval service did NOT pertain to enlisted Sailors in the era before the Civil War? Establishment of a retirement system In what years did the Second Seminole War take place? Between the War of 1812 and the Civil War, the Navy had a variety of missions. These included ____________________. All of these answers are correct In the years before the Civil War, U.S. Squadrons established a regular presence in ____________________. the Mediterranean, off Africa and South America, in the Pacific, and in Asia Which of the following tasks did the Navy NOT undertake in the Mexican War? Blockade the coast of Cuba What tactical advantage did steam power have over sail power in naval warfare? Steam power enabled a warship to operate independent of the wind when engaged in battle. ____________________ designed a steam engine that was 40% more efficient, half the size, and significantly cheaper than standard steam engines. Benjamin Franklin Isherwood Which war left the U.S. with two seacoasts to defend, and propelled the U.S. into Pacific affairs? The Mexican War Select True or False: To encourage temperance onboard vessels, in 1831 the Navy allowed Sailors to receive money in lieu of the spirit, or “grog” ration. True ____________________ commanded the South Sea Exploring Expedition from 1838 to 1842. This six-vessel expedition surveyed South Pacific islands, charted continental coastlines, proved Antarctica is a continent, and collected natural history and ethnological specimens that formed the basis of the Smithsonian Institution's collections. Charles Wilkes Which Antebellum Navy leader earned the title “Pathfinder of the Seas” for his contributions to ocean science? Matthew F. Maury What was the main advantage of the “bottle-shape” of the Dahlgren gun? It kept the gun lighter by removing metal where it was not needed. 1 Which of the following accomplishments was NOT Matthew Fontaine Maury’s? Proved Antarctica is a continent. What was the significance of Matthew C. Perry’s expedition to Japan? The Japanese opened their ports to American ships. Between 1815 and 1860, the Navy fought in the following wars ____________________. The second Seminole War and the Mexican war The Civil War and its Aftermath: What did the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy accomplish?. It captured transport vessels, creating acute supply shortages. Which of the following best characterizes the Navy between 1866 and 1880? Decreasing in size and deteriorating, with old and outmoded ships. The Naval War College was established in 1884: To provide officers the opportunity to study naval tactics, strategy, and policy. What international developments stimulated resurgence of American naval power in the 1880s? European nations competing and building large navies to defend their empires. ______________was in charge of Upper Mississippi River forces that participated in the captures of Fort Henry, Tennessee, Fort Donelson, Tennessee, and Island Number Ten, in the Mississippi River. Andrew Hull Foote ____________ made his first of several expeditions in 1886 that placed him in the vanguard of Arctic explorers. Robert Edwin Peary What did the Confederate raiders accomplish? They drove the carrying of trade to foreign ships, hurting the U.S. Merchant Marine fleet. Select True or False: Union forces controlled the western rivers, dividing the Confederacy and stopping Texas supplies from reaching Confederate troops, a strategic advantage that resulted in greater mobility for Union troops. True Select True or False: After the Civil War the U.S. Navy fell into neglect, while navies of other countries modernized. In the 1880's, the U.S. Navy was modernized and joined the ranks of major world powers True In January 1865, the last Confederate port open to blockade-runners fell. Where was this port located?. Wilmington, North Carolina For what is David W. Taylor known? Which distinguished Civil War officer commanded the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and led naval forces in the 1864 and 1865 assaults against Fort Fisher, North Carolina? David D. Porter What did Union control of the Mississippi River accomplish? It prevented Texas supplies from reaching Confederate troops. ______________ commanded gunboats off North Carolina, led daring incursions into coastal enemy inlets, and sunk the ironclad ram CSS Albemarle with a spar torpedo attached to a steam launch. What is a “protected cruiser”? According to Alfred Thayer Mahan, what is the fleet's primary mission? 2 The Navy on a Global Stage: Select True or False: In 1889, eleven nations had warship fleets larger than that of the United States, but less than two decades later only the British Royal Navy was larger than the U.S. Navy. True What organization did the Navy establish to institutionalize the contribution of female medical personnel? Navy Nurse Corps Who was the strategic thinker and Naval War College professor who developed the Theory of Sea Power? Alfred T. Mahan What two new weapons systems of the early 20th century enabled the Navy to fight over and under the surface of the ocean? The airplane and the submarine The dawn of undersea warfare dates from 1900 with the launch of the ____________________. USS Holland As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, the United States and the other victorious Allied powers ____________. drastically reduced their battle fleets, hoping to stop the arms race and prevent another global conflict. Who wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History,” which influenced the modern development of the Navy? Alfred T. Mahan Which of the following was NOT instituted to improve conditions of service for Sailors? Sent Sailors to college What fleet did President Theodore Roosevelt send around the world to demonstrate the Navy’s new global capability? The Great White Fleet Which of these American leaders did NOT have a strong impact on the Navy of this era? John J. Pershing WWII in the Atlantic and European Waters : Select True or False: To man its tens of thousands of naval vessels, aircraft, and shore bases, the Navy enlisted over 3 million Sailors. True The breakdown of pre-war barriers to the enlistment of African Americans and women was due to wartime necessity and ____________________. the growing American support for social equality How many Allied merchantmen and warships did German and Italian submarines sink during the war? 3000 The cipher machine used by the Germans for radio communication security was called the ____________________. Enigma So the U.S. and British armed forces could synchronize not only their Atlantic but global operations and speak with one voice about the need for convoy escort vessels, amphibious landing craft, and similar materiel, in 1942 the two nations established an organization named the ______________. Combined Chiefs of Staff Early in World War II, which country proved especially effective in signals intelligence—the interception, decryption, and reading of enemy radio signals? Great Britain Significant social changes in the Navy during World War II had the greatest impact on which of the following American minority groups? Women and African Americans What U.S. Naval leader took steps to standardize anti-submarine training and tactics? Admiral Royal E. Ingersoll For a year after the United States entered the war, German U-boats successfully operated throughout the ____________________. Atlantic, Caribbean, and Mediterranean 3 What name was given to the escort carriers used to protect convoys and attack German U-boats? Jeep carrier What name was given to the escort carriers used to protect convoys and attack German U-boats? True WWII in the Pacific: On what Japanese island did U.S. Marines raise “Old Glory” in February 1945? Iwo Jima Which battle marked the turning point of the Pacific campaign and was considered the most decisive naval battle of WW II? Midway Select True or False: Although the Battle of Okinawa was the last major operation of WWII, the U.S. Navy beat their Japanese adversaries with very few casualties. False What U.S. naval assets became primary striking assets after the morning of Dec 7, 1941? Submarines and aircraft carriers Select True or False: Improvements in the Navy’s logistical capabilities played a significant role in victories of the Pacific campaign. True What key technical system helped U.S. naval forces locate and track enemy surface and air naval forces? Radar August 1942 marked the start of a bloody six-month struggle for control of what island? Guadalcanal What two naval vessel types did the Japanese NOT destroy during the Pearl Harbor attack? Submarines and aircraft carriers What three naval officers led the United States to victory in the Pacific campaign? King, Nimitz, Spruance The Cold War : What was the first major armed conflict of the Cold War? Korean War Greater than 95% of supplies and logistical support for troops in Vietnam came from this organization: Military Sealift Command (MSC) Which fleet improvements were introduced in the Navy in the later Cold War years? Ticonderoga-class cruisers and Los Angeles-class submarines In what way did the U.S. Navy contribute to the successful resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962? Navy ships blocked the delivery of Soviet missiles to Communist Cuba. What was the U.S. strategy in the early period of the Cold War for dealing with the Soviet Union and its allies? Containment Strategy The Navy's Cold War mission was to enforce containment of the USSR and its allies through: Maintenance of sea control in the world's oceans Forward deployment of naval forces to the periphery of Communist bloc nations Deployment at sea of nuclear-armed submarines to deter Soviet nuclear attack Navy-wide directives, or “Z-grams,” that were issued to improve the life of enlisted Sailors were the inspiration of what Admiral? Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. At the climax of the Cold War 1989, the SECNAV had generated enough support to build the size of the Navy to almost ____________________ ships. 4 600 Why is the North Vietnamese naval attack on the USS Maddox in August 1964 important? It prompted Congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf resolution, which authorized U.S. military operations in the Vietnam Conflict. What naval vessel types did the Navy deploy during the Cold War to discourage Soviet nuclear attacks on the United States? Submarines armed with nuclear ballistic missiles Which attack submarine was lost at sea with her entire crew while returning from operations in the Mediterranean Sea during the Cold War? USS Skorpion Who were the first African American and female officers promoted to flag rank? Samuel L. Gravely and Alene B. Duerk The climax of the Cold War was marked by U.S. Naval involvement in conflicts such as ____________________. Naval forces deployed to Grenada and Panama Littoral Operations: One of the most significant changes in the Navy in the mid-1990s was a transition from a blue water navy to a navy that would ___________________. project power ashore in the littoral regions of the world The UN-sponsored intervention in Somalia in the mid-1990s resulted in ___________________. Somalia What two U.S. ships did Iraqi mines damage in 1991 USS Princeton and USS Tripoli What was the name of the Persian Gulf operation where U.S. naval units escorted Kuwaiti oil tankers through the Persian Gulf? Operation Earnest Will What is the name of the conflict in the Persian Gulf during 1987 and 1988 in which U.S. naval forces protected Kuwaiti oil tankers? Tanker War Which ship was damaged by an Iranian mine and was the catalyst for launching Operation Praying Mantis? USS Samuel B. Roberts From which African nation did American forces withdraw when the UN-sponsored intervention failed? Somalia The Persian Gulf War was instrumental in opening up many opportunities for women in the following areas: Combat air squadrons All major warships Shore commands Global War on Terrorism: Select True or False: The destruction of terrorist cells following 9/11 was primarily confined to the Middle-East False Al Qaeda had established a training complex in ____________________, from which it supported terrorist activities worldwide. Afghanistan Select True or False: The United States, United Nations (UN), world governments, and international financial institutions joined to identify and destroy terrorist groups and their sources of funding immediately following 9/11. True What was the Navy’s primary focus immediately after the 9/11 attacks? Homeland security 5 Which U.S. led offensive was launched in October 2001 against Al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan? Operation Enduring Freedom Which command delivered large amounts of the tanks, vehicles, and supplies needed for Operation Iraqi Freedom to staging areas in Kuwait? Military Sealift Command Operation Iraqi Freedom was launched to: Liberate the Iraqi people Promote democracy in Iraq Block 2 Military Formations: As a leader, you can only command Sailors to the position of parade rest, from what position? Attention Traditionally, awards are handed out in what manner? From most senior award to most junior Sailors are in a _________________, when placed in formation one behind the other? File Who is known as the “Drillmaster of the American Revolution”? Baron von Steuben Drill instills discipline and fosters what kind of habits? Precision and automatic response As a leader, which situation would cause you to expect a personnel inspection of your Sailors? Prior to the seasonal uniform change Military Uniforms, Customs, and Courtesies: What should you do when the national anthem of a friendly foreign country is played? Salute What Army rank is associated with the E-6 pay grade? Staff Sergeant What does Title 10, U.S. Code mandate with respect to uniforms? The requirement to generate, maintain, and update the uniform regulations At what distance do you begin your salute when approaching an officer? At six paces or closest point of approach The Air Force rank associated with its highest enlisted pay grade is that of _____________. Chief Master Sergeant What is meant by “under arms”? When wearing a side arm or carrying a weapon What is the U.S. Army’s highest enlisted pay grade? Sergeant Major What is the definition of “prescribable items”? Uniform items which may be directed or authorized for wear with the basic uniform. Items may be worn with basic uniform at the individual’s discretion unless otherwise directed Fleet Response Plan: When is a CSG considered surge ready? When they have completed integrated phase training 6 When is a ship, sub, or squadron considered routine deployable? After successfully completing all necessary capabilities training including completion of underway sustainment phase training and certification of the unit for forward deployed operations At its core, the Fleet Response Plan is _________________. a mission driven, capabilities-based response plan Which report issued a mandate for the U.S. military to transform leading to adoption of FRP? 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review “Presence with a purpose” provides what? Routine deployments in support of specific combatant commander objectives or on shorter “pulse” employment periods The Fleet Response Plan places a carrier strike group in these four categories: ________________________. emergency surge, surge ready, routine deployable, deployed Which Sea Power 21 initiative changed the way the U.S. Navy deploys and trains the Fleet? Sea Basing What does the 6 + 2 plan provide? 6 CSGs available to deploy within 30 days plus 2 CSGs available to deploy within 90 days The Fleet Response Plan calls for how many carrier strike groups to be deployable within 30 days? 6 Who did Admiral Vern Clark task with developing a plan to replace the 18-month inter-deployment training cycle (IDTC)? Commander, Fleet Forces Command The flexible deployment concept allows units that have attained high readiness to embark on deployments in support of specific national priorities such as _______________. homeland defense, multi-national exercises, security cooperation events, deterrent operations, or prosecution of the Global War on Terrorism Chief Petty Officer History: In the early 1900’s Sailors of all rates were promoted to fill what first? Voids in critical Navy billets, normally in their own command Voids in critical Navy billets, normally in their own command Strengthen chief petty officer standards According to the 1918 BlueJacket’s Manual, two roles of a chief petty officer were ________. Technical expert and example setter The only article of the CPO uniform described in the 1897 Uniform Regulations was the _____. hat device On 23 May, 1978, the CNO approved new roles and responsibilities for a chief petty officer. Which of the following was a defined role? The top technical authority and expert within a rating On 28 April 1967, ____________ became the first Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy. GMCM Delbert Black The Chief Petty Officer Core Competencies were developed to __________. Strengthen chief petty officer standards The duties and responsibilities of a master chief petty officer in 1978 were _ ______. broadened to include contributing to command-level policy formulation The Career Compensation Act of 1949 established what significant change? It designated chief petty officers as paygrade E-7 instead of paygrade 1. On 13 January 1967, GMCM Delbert Black was officially appointed as the first _____________. Senior Enlisted Advisor of the Navy 7 The