When the ‘yo’ form is irregular, then el imperativo is also irregular:
Decir (i) Hacer Tener Ser
Yo-form digo hago tengo soy
Informal (tú) di haz ten sé
Formal (usted) diga haga tenga sea
More examples of irregular imperativo’s (because the ‘yo-form’ is also irregular):
Poner Salir Ir Conocer*
Yo-form pongo salgo voy conozco
Informal (tú) pon sal ve conoce
Formal (usted) ponga salga vaya conozca
*This is for every verb that ends on -ecer, ocer and -ucir
for example: aparecer, traducir, producir.
With reflexive verbes (me, te, se, nos, os, se) it is different:
Levantarse Ducharse Vestirse (i)
Informal (tú) levanta + te = levántate ducha + te = dúchate viste + te = vístete
Formal (usted) levante + se = levántese duche + se = dúchese vista + se = vístase
, To me = me
To him/her = le
To us = nos
To them = les
Gerundio
It is used with the verb estar:
Estoy
Estás
Está AR verbs: hablar habl hablando
Estamos + ER verbs: comer com comiendo
Estáis IR verbs: vivir viv viviendo
Están
With reflexive verbs you have two options:
Lavarse Ducharse
1. After gerundio Estoy lavándome Está duchándose
2. Before conjugated verb (estar) Me estoy lavando Se está duchando
Personal pronouns for indirect object
An indirect object pronoun tells you to whom or for whom something is done.
Ser /estar / tener / hay
Ser Ser is used to indicate what someone/something is: name, profession, nationality,
religion.It is also used to indicate a quality of something or someone: large, old, blue, young,
etc.
Tener leeftijd of hebben
Estar Estar is used to indicate where something/someone is.
Hay ‘Hay’ is in het Nederlands: ‘er is/zijn’, ‘er ligt/liggen’, ‘er staat/staan’ , etc.
(locatie en onderwerp onbepaald)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller myrtheesmeezwart. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.95. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.