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Leaflet/ Summary of Ovarian Cancer Essay Cancer Biology The Biology of Cancer, ISBN: 9780815345282
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Hereditary Ovarian Cancer. A Breakdown.The ovaries are sex organs 5 percent of ovarian cancers are
which are essential for the hereditary. Hereditary means that
production of androgens such an individual can develop cancer
as progesterone and from a mutations in germ line cells
oestrogen. Also responsible from a parent can be passed on to
for production of the female offspring. A mutation is a change in
gamete, ovum. the sequence of an individuals DNA.
PATHOGENESIS
Mutations can be sporadic and hereditar . Sporadic Mutations arise in somatic cells.
An individual’s genome can be analysed through genomic techniques such as PCR. A susceptible
individual’s DNA can be compared to a genomic database in order to identify mutations.
Hereditary cancers often have mutations in genes BRACA 1 and BRACA 2. These are known as
tumour suppressor genes which code for enzymes that repair both single strand breaks and
double strand breaks in DNA. These enzymes are also commonly mutated in certain types of
Breast Cancer.
Although rare, mutations in RAD 51C and RAD 51D also linked to hereditary ovarian cancer.
How can hereditary ovarian cancer be detected ?
Genetic Counselling can inform couples on the chance of their children’s susceptibility to a particular
disease.
Although it is important to note that Screening for Ovarian Cancer is generally not recommended for
individuals with an average risk as it has a high false positive percentage.
If cancer can be detected earlier, treatment can begin earlier and thus improve an individuals
prognostic outcome. Risk of developing ovarian cancer increases with age. For a multitude of
cancers, detecting cancer before it presents itself can prompt a patient to make changes in their
lifestyle which may reduce their risk of developing cancer. Smoking and a sedentary lifestyle may
increase risk of developing Ovarian Cancer and increase the penetrance of BRACA mutations.
What are the symptoms of Ovarian Cancer ?
May be no symptoms in earlier stages of progression. In later stages, common symptoms may include
bloating and pelvic pain. They may also appear similar to irritable bowel syndrome.
How is ovarian cancer diagnosed ?
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