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samenvatting inleiding internationaal recht
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Inleiding internationaal rechtInhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1 Algemene omschrijving...............................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Het internationale element.........................................................................................................................7
1.3.3 Publieke element.........................................................................................................................................7
1.3.4 Het juridische element.................................................................................................................................8
1.4 Organisatie.....................................................................................................................................................8
1.5 Onderdelen.....................................................................................................................................................9
1.5.1 Algemeen.....................................................................................................................................................9
1.5.2 Bijzonder......................................................................................................................................................9
1.5.3 Europese Unie..............................................................................................................................................9
Hoofdstuk 5................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3 Gewoonte recht............................................................................................................................................10
5.3.1 Omschrijving..............................................................................................................................................10
5.3.2 Totstandkoming.........................................................................................................................................10
5.3.3 Bijzondere rechtsbetrekkingen..................................................................................................................10
5.4 Verdragen.....................................................................................................................................................11
5.4.1 Omschrijving..............................................................................................................................................11
5.4.2 Grondslag en binding van verdragen........................................................................................................11
5.4.3 Rechtsbetrekkingen...................................................................................................................................11
5.4.5 Samenloop met gewoonterecht................................................................................................................11
5.5 Besluiten van internationale organisaties....................................................................................................11
5.5 Omschrijving.................................................................................................................................................11
5.5.2 Totstandkoming.........................................................................................................................................12
5.6 Algemene rechtsbeginselen..........................................................................................................................12
5.9 Rechterlijke uitspraken.................................................................................................................................12
5.10 Soft law.......................................................................................................................................................13
5.11 Samenloop..................................................................................................................................................13
5.12 Nationaal recht...........................................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 6................................................................................................................................................. 14
6.2 Vorm.............................................................................................................................................................14
6.3 Structuur.......................................................................................................................................................14
6.4 Totstandkoming............................................................................................................................................15
6.4.1 Onderhandelingen.....................................................................................................................................15
6.4.2 Sluiting en inwerkingtreding......................................................................................................................15
6.5 Geldigheid.....................................................................................................................................................16
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, Inleiding internationaal recht
6.6 Voorbehouden en interpretatieve verklaringen...........................................................................................17
6.6.1 Voorbehouden...........................................................................................................................................17
6.6.2 Interpretatieve verklaringen......................................................................................................................17
6.7 Toepassing en uitleg van verdragen.............................................................................................................18
6.7.1 Pacta sunt servanda..................................................................................................................................18
6.7.2 Territoriale toepassing...............................................................................................................................18
6.7.3 Achtereenvolgende verdragen..................................................................................................................18
6.7.4 Derde staten..............................................................................................................................................18
6.7.5 interpretatie...............................................................................................................................................18
6.8 Wijziging.......................................................................................................................................................19
6.9 Opschorting, opzegging en beëindiging.......................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 2................................................................................................................................................. 20
2.2 Het begrip rechtssubjectiviteit......................................................................................................................20
2.3 Criteria voor rechtssubjectiviteit...................................................................................................................21
2.4 Staten............................................................................................................................................................21
2.5 Internationale organisaties..........................................................................................................................21
2.6 De facto-regimes..........................................................................................................................................21
2.7 Bevrijdingsbewegingen.................................................................................................................................22
2.8 Internationale ngo’s.....................................................................................................................................22
2.9 Mno’s............................................................................................................................................................22
2.10 Natuurlijke personen..................................................................................................................................22
2.11 Overige subjecten.......................................................................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 3................................................................................................................................................. 23
3.2 De soevereiniteit van de staat......................................................................................................................23
3.3 Elementen van de staat................................................................................................................................23
3.3.1 Gezagsstructuur.........................................................................................................................................23
3.3.2 Grondgebied..............................................................................................................................................24
3.3.3 Bevolking...................................................................................................................................................24
3.3.4 De eenheid van de staat............................................................................................................................25
3.4 Totstandkoming en wijziging........................................................................................................................25
3.4.1 Wijze van totstandkoming.........................................................................................................................26
3.4.2 Juridische beoordeling van claims van nieuwe staten..............................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 8................................................................................................................................................. 29
8.2 Algemene rechtsbeginselen..........................................................................................................................29
8.3 Rechtsmacht.................................................................................................................................................29
8.3.1 Omschrijving..............................................................................................................................................29
8.3.2 Grondslagen..............................................................................................................................................29
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, Inleiding internationaal recht
8.3.3 Conflicterende rechtsmachtsclaims...........................................................................................................30
8.3.4 Extraterritoriale handhaving.....................................................................................................................31
8.3.5 Erkenning van soevereine handelingen.....................................................................................................31
8.4 Immuniteit....................................................................................................................................................32
8.4.1 Staatsimmuniteit.......................................................................................................................................32
8.4.2 Immuniteit van individuele gezagsdragers................................................................................................32
8.4.3 Privileges en immuniteiten van internationale organisaties.....................................................................33
8.5 Diplomatieke en consulaire betrekkingen....................................................................................................34
8.6 Afbakening van staatsgezag buiten nationaal grondgebied.......................................................................35
8.6.1 De zee........................................................................................................................................................35
8.6.2 De lucht......................................................................................................................................................37
8.6.3 De ruimte...................................................................................................................................................37
8.6.4 Antarctica en de Noordpool.......................................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 7................................................................................................................................................. 38
7.1 Aansprakelijkheid van staten.......................................................................................................................38
7.1.2 Voorwaarden.............................................................................................................................................38
7.1.3 Deelneming................................................................................................................................................39
7.1.4 Verdedigingsgronden................................................................................................................................40
7.1.5 Rechtsherstel.............................................................................................................................................40
7.1.6 Gelaedeerde partijen.................................................................................................................................41
7.2 Aansprakelijkheid van internationale organisaties......................................................................................42
7.2.1 Omschrijving..............................................................................................................................................42
7.2.2 Verhouding met de aansprakelijkheid van staten.....................................................................................42
Aansprakelijkheid van individuen.......................................................................................................................43
7.4.1 Omschrijving..............................................................................................................................................43
7.4.2 Grondslagen..............................................................................................................................................43
7.4.3 Algemene beginselen.................................................................................................................................44
7.4.4 Verhouding met aansprakelijkheid van staten..........................................................................................44
7.4.5 Civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid............................................................................................................45
Hoofdstuk 12............................................................................................................................................... 46
12.2 Eenzijdige maatregelen..............................................................................................................................46
12.3 Diplomatieke geschillenbeslechting...........................................................................................................47
12.3.1 Onderhandelingen...................................................................................................................................47
12.3.2 Goede diensten........................................................................................................................................47
12.3.3 Bemiddeling.............................................................................................................................................47
12.3.4 Feitenonderzoek......................................................................................................................................47
12.5.3 Conciliatie................................................................................................................................................47
12.4 Geschillenbeslechting binnen internationale organisaties.........................................................................48
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12.4.1 Toezichtprocedures..................................................................................................................................48
12.6 Rechtspraak................................................................................................................................................49
12.6.1 Omschrijving............................................................................................................................................49
12.6.2 Het Internationaal Gerechtshof...............................................................................................................49
12.6.3 De Wereldhandelsorganisatie – WTO.....................................................................................................51
12.7 Rechtspraak inzake rechten van de mens..................................................................................................52
12.7.1 Het EHRM................................................................................................................................................52
12.7.2 Overige regionale procedures.................................................................................................................53
12.7.3 Procedures onder VN-verdragen.............................................................................................................53
Hoofdstuk 4................................................................................................................................................. 54
4.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................54
4.2 Overzicht.......................................................................................................................................................54
4.3 Totstandkoming............................................................................................................................................56
4.4 Lidmaatschap...............................................................................................................................................57
4.1.1 Wie kan lid worden?..................................................................................................................................57
4.1.2 Procedure...................................................................................................................................................57
4.1.3 Opschorting en beëindiging van lidmaatschap.........................................................................................57
4.1.4 Verhouding tussen organisatie en leden...................................................................................................57
4.5 Financiering..................................................................................................................................................57
4.6 Bevoegdheden..............................................................................................................................................58
4.6.1 Attributie- en specialiteitsbeginsel............................................................................................................58
4.6.2 Impliciete bevoegdheden...........................................................................................................................58
4.6.3 Ontwikkeling in de praktijk........................................................................................................................58
4.6.4 Resterende bevoegdheden van lidstaten..................................................................................................58
Hoofdstuk 10............................................................................................................................................... 58
10.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................58
10.2 Kernbegrippen............................................................................................................................................59
10.3 Ontwikkeling en organisatie.......................................................................................................................59
10.4 Het verbod op het gebruik van geweld......................................................................................................59
10.5 Collectieve veiligheid..................................................................................................................................60
10.5.1 Omschrijving............................................................................................................................................60
10.5.2 Voorwaarden voor het gebruik van hoofdstuk VII..................................................................................60
10.5.3 Dwangmaatregelen zonder geweld........................................................................................................61
10.5.4 Dwangmaatregelen met geweld.............................................................................................................61
10.5.5 Delegatie van gebruik van geweld..........................................................................................................61
10.5.6 Vredesbewaring.......................................................................................................................................61
10.5.7 Regionale organisaties............................................................................................................................62
10.5.8 Nederland................................................................................................................................................62
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