Uitwerking van alle colleges van LUK 1.4.
College 1: Introductie en cellen
College 2: celdeling en oncologie
College 3: weefsels en huid
College 4: melanoom en huidaandoeningen
College 5: botten en gewrichten
College 6: mobiliteitsaandoeningen
College 7: glucose- en vetmetabolisme
College 8...
Inhoudsopgave
College 1 – Introductie en cellen ............................................................................................................. 3
College 2 – Celdeling en oncologie .......................................................................................................... 8
College 4 – Weefsels en huid ................................................................................................................ 15
Epitheelweefsel ................................................................................................................................. 15
Bindweefsel ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Huid ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Epidermis - opperhuid ....................................................................................................................... 17
College 5 – Melanoom en huidaandoeningen ...................................................................................... 20
College 7 – Botten en Gewrichten......................................................................................................... 24
Botten ................................................................................................................................................ 24
Anatomie bovenste extremiteiten ................................................................................................ 25
Onderste extremiteiten ..................................................................................................................... 26
Gewrichten ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Botvormig en groei ............................................................................................................................ 27
Botvorming, groei en onderhoud ...................................................................................................... 27
College 8 – Mobiliteitsaandoeningen – nog kijken ............................................................................... 28
Luxatie ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Fracturen ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Aandoeningen botten en gewrichten ............................................................................................... 30
Bot- en kraakbeenmaligniteiten .................................................................................................... 30
Reumatoïde artritis........................................................................................................................ 30
Osteoporose .................................................................................................................................. 32
Artrose ........................................................................................................................................... 33
College 10 – Glucose- en Vetmetabolisme – nog kijken ....................................................................... 34
Bouwstenen van cellen ..................................................................................................................... 34
Koolhydraten ................................................................................................................................. 34
Vetten of lipiden ............................................................................................................................ 34
Eiwitten of proteïnen .................................................................................................................... 34
Katabolisme en anabolisme .............................................................................................................. 34
Glycolyse............................................................................................................................................ 35
Alternatieve afbraakreacties ............................................................................................................. 35
Vetafbraak – lipolyse ..................................................................................................................... 35
Afbraak glycogeen ......................................................................................................................... 35
Afbraak eiwitten ............................................................................................................................ 35
Vorming ketonen (ketogenese) ......................................................................................................... 35
Opbouwreacties ................................................................................................................................ 36
1
, Spiermetabolisme ............................................................................................................................. 36
Transporten ....................................................................................................................................... 37
Osmose .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Actief transport ................................................................................................................................. 38
College 11 – Ondervoeding en uitdroging............................................................................................. 40
Nutritie en dieet ................................................................................................................................ 40
College 13 – Nieren en aandoeningen .................................................................................................. 43
Anatomie nieren ................................................................................................................................ 43
Nefronen ........................................................................................................................................... 43
Hemodialyse ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Acuut nierfalen .................................................................................................................................. 47
Chronische nierinsufficiëntie............................................................................................................. 48
Glomerulaire aandoeningen.............................................................................................................. 48
College 14 – Urologie ............................................................................................................................ 49
Organisatie van de urinewegen ........................................................................................................ 49
Transport, opslag & verwijdering ...................................................................................................... 49
Nierbekkenontsteking ....................................................................................................................... 50
College 16 – Spijsverteringsstelsel ........................................................................................................ 52
De maag............................................................................................................................................. 53
De dunne darm – ileum ..................................................................................................................... 54
De pancreas ....................................................................................................................................... 56
De lever ............................................................................................................................................. 56
De dikke darm ................................................................................................................................... 57
College 17 – Maagdarm aandoeningen ................................................................................................ 59
Ziekte van Crohn en colitis ulcerosa .................................................................................................. 61
Colorectaal carcinoom....................................................................................................................... 62
College 19 – Schizofrenie en angststoornissen ..................................................................................... 64
Schizofrenie ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Begrippen .............................................................................................................................................. 68
2
, College 1 – Introductie en cellen
Opbouw lichaam van klein naar groot :
Chemisch (of moleculair) –> cellulair –> weefsel- orgaan –> orgaanstelsel –> organisme.
Homeostase
- Zorgt voor stabiel inwendig milieu
o Temperatuur
o Ionische concentraties
o Bloedsuikerspiegel enz.
- Gebruikt negatieve feedback- mechanismen
- Regulering hangt af van
o Een receptor die gevoelig is voor een stimulus
o Een effector die dezelfde stimulus beïnvloedt
Negatieve feedback
- Variaties buiten de normale grenzen start automatische een corrigerende reactie
- Reactie doet de verstoring teniet
-
Positieve feedback homeostase
- Stimulus produceert een reactie die de stimulus versterkt
- Reactie voltooit snel een kritisch proces
-
Homeostase en ziekten
- Falen van regulering door homeostase, dus inwendig milieu is niet meer stabiel
- Symptomen treden op
- Slecht functioneren van het orgaanstelsel
Regulering door homeostase
Fysiologische systemen werken samen om stabiel inwendig milieu te behouden, controleren en
bijstellen.
Anatomische richtingen
- Anterior (= ventraal = voorkant)
- Posterior (= dorsaal = achterkant)
Anatomie van doorsneden: vlakken en doorsneden
- Transversaal vlak
o Transversale doorsnede, lichaam breedte doorgesneden
- Frontaal vlak
o Frontale doorsnede, lichaam lengte doorgesneden, 2 lichaamshelften niet gelijk aan
elkaar
- Sagittaal vlak
o Sagittale doorsnede, lichaam lengte, 2 lichaamshelften gelijk aan elkaar
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