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Samenvatting LUK 1.4 alle colleges tentamenperiode 2

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Alle colleges tentamenperiode 2 LUK 1.4 College 1: spieren College 2: bewegingsstoornissen College 3: pijn en revalidatie College 4: psychiatrie College 5: immunologie College 6: microbiologie & infectiepreventie College 7: zenuwstelsel deel 1 College 8: zenuwstelsel deel 2 College 9: neur...

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  • November 2, 2021
  • 69
  • 2020/2021
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College 22 – Spieren ................................................................................................................................ 3
Spiercontractie .................................................................................................................................... 4
ATP en CP ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Spierweefsel ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Anatomie ............................................................................................................................................. 7
College 23 – bewegingsstoornissen ...................................................................................................... 11
Bewegingsstoornissen ....................................................................................................................... 11
Ziekte van Huntington ................................................................................................................... 11
Spierdystrofie van Duchenne ........................................................................................................ 12
Spierdystrofie van Becker .............................................................................................................. 13
Myotone dystrofie ......................................................................................................................... 14
College 25 – Pijn en Revalidatie ............................................................................................................ 15
Pijn ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Pijninstrumenten ............................................................................................................................... 17
Revalidatie ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Colleges 27 & 28 – Psychiatrie .............................................................................................................. 20
Verslaving .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen .............................................................................................................. 23
Behandelingen ................................................................................................................................... 24
College 30 – Immunologie ..................................................................................................................... 26
Lymfestelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 26
De thymus T-cellen ............................................................................................................................ 28
De milt ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Ongekapselde lymfoide weefsels : MALT .......................................................................................... 29
Witte bloedcellen WBC ..................................................................................................................... 30
College 31 – Microbiologie & infectiepreventie .................................................................................... 34
Bacteriën ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Virussen ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Schimmels.......................................................................................................................................... 37
College 33 – Zenuwstelsel deel 1 .......................................................................................................... 38
Het zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................................... 38
Cerebrum........................................................................................................................................... 41
Diencephalon..................................................................................................................................... 43
Hersenstam ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Cerebellum – kleine hersenen........................................................................................................... 44
College 36 – Zenuwstelsel deel 2 .......................................................................................................... 45

1

, Het CZS .............................................................................................................................................. 45
Ruggenmerg ...................................................................................................................................... 46
Hersenzenuwen ................................................................................................................................. 48
College 34 – neurologische aandoeningen – deel 1 .............................................................................. 51
Multiple Sclerose/ MS ....................................................................................................................... 51
Ziekte van Parkinson ......................................................................................................................... 53
Spinocerebellaire ataxie .................................................................................................................... 54
College 37 – Neurologie deel 2.............................................................................................................. 55
Hersentrauma.................................................................................................................................... 55
Colleges 39 & 40 – Neurologie .............................................................................................................. 60
Alzheimer dementie ...................................................................................................................... 64
Andere vormen dementie ............................................................................................................. 65
Glioom ........................................................................................................................................... 66
Intracraniële tumoren ................................................................................................................... 66
Begrippen .............................................................................................................................................. 67




2

, College 22 – Spieren

Soorten spieren
- Willekeurige beheersing
o Skeletspieren → het spierstelsel
- Onwillekeurige beheersing → autonoom aangestuurd
o Hartspier → hartwand
o Gladde spieren → inwendige organen

Skeletspieren 5 functies
1. Bewegen skelet
2. Behoud houding en lichaamspositie
3. Steun aan weke delen
4. Beschermen van in- en uitgangen
5. Behoud lichaamstemperatuur

Anatomie skeletspieren
- Microscopische anatomie van spiervezel
o Sacrolemma
▪ Celmembraan
o Sacroplasma
▪ Spiercelcytoplasma
o Sacroplastmatisch reticulum (SR)
▪ Soort glad ER
o Myofibrillen (contractieorganel)
o Sacromeren
▪ Van ene Z-lijn naar andere Z-lijn
▪ Zich herhalende functionele eenheid van de myofibrillen
• Onderdelen van een sacromeer
o Myofilamenten
▪ Dunne (actine)
▪ Dikke (myosine)




3

, Motorische eenheid – motor unit
- Motorische eenheid – een motorisch neuron en alle spiercellen die het aanstuurt
- Rekrutering – om de spierspanning te verhogen door meer motorische eenheden te
activeren
- Kleine motorische eenheden zorgen voor verfijnde aansturing
- Verbinding tussen het zenuwstelsel (ruggenmerg) en de spieren




-


Spiercontractie
Aansturing spiercontractie
- Stappen in neuromusculaire transmissie
1. Actiepotentiaal motorneuron
o Neuron die in verbinding staat met een spiervezel
o Actiepotentiaal is een elektrische prikkel
o Geactiveerd motorneuron stuurt een prikkel naar de spiervezel
2. Afgifte en binding acetylcholine
o Acetylcholine is een neurotransmitter die door het motorneuron wordt afgegeven
aan de spiervezel.
3. Actiepotentiaal in sacrolemma
o Acetylcholine bindt op de spiervezel en activeert deze en er ontstaat een elektrische
prikkel in de spiervezel.
4. Afgifte calciumionen uit sacrolemma
o AP of elektrische prikkel reguleert de afgifte van calciumionen die in de spiervezel
het contractieproces initiëren.

- Het contractieproces
o Interactie tussen actieve plaatsen actine en myosine-kruisbruggen
→ Dunne filamenten glijden langs dikke filamenten
▪ Kruisbruggen ondergaan een bewegingscyclus
• Aanhechten, draaien, losmaken, terugkeren
o Troponine & tropomyosine sturen interactie
▪ Spiereiwitten
▪ Voorkomen eveneens interactie tijdens rust




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