NURS 3093 Study Guide for Pathophysiology Test 1_2020 - Lipscomb University
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Course
Pathophysiology
Institution
Lipscomb University
NURS 3093 Study Guide for Pathophysiology Test 1_2020 - Lipscomb University
Study guide for pathophysiology
Chapter 1:
Prokaryotes include cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), bacteria, and rickettsiae. Simple organization, no organelles, no nuclear membrane, lack of distinct nucleus, single, cir...
prokaryotes include cyanobacteria blue green algae
and rickettsiae simple organization
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Lipscomb University
Pathophysiology
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NURS 3093 Study Guide for Pathophysiology Test 1_2020
- Lipscomb University
Study guide for pathophysiology
Chapter 1:
Prokaryotes include cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), bacteria, and
rickettsiae. Simple organization, no organelles, no nuclear membrane, lack
of distinct nucleus,single, circular chromosome.
Eukaryotic cells Animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, most algae, Membrane
bound organelles multiple, structured chromosomes with supercoiled
DNA, Well-definednucleus, Ability to transport across outer membrane.
*Cellular functions:
Cells become specialized through cellular differentiation, or maturation, to
perform a specific kind of function. Cells with a highly developed function,
such asmovement, often lack some other property, such as hormone
production, which is more highly developed in other cells.
This is involved in cell division and contains our genetic information.
Within thenucleus we find: ---Nucleolus- Dense RNA protein –and ---
Histones – DNA- binding proteins, cause coiling.
, Know chromatin is a condensed form
of the chromosome. Here you also
see the chromatin wrapping around
the histones.
The Nucleus contains loosely arranged chromatin. In the chromatin we
have the DNA. The primary functions of the nucleus are cell division and
control of geneticinformation
The chromatin aggregates into discrete bands (Chromosomes) during cell
division(Mitosis).
Genetic information is transcribed into ribonucleic acid (RNA), which can
be processed into messenger, transport, and ribosomal RNAs and
introduced into thecytoplasm, where it directs cellular activities. Most of
the processing of RNA occurs in the nucleolus.
*Cytoplasmic organelles*
Ribosom
es
• Synthesized in nucleus
• RNA protein complexes
• Functions for cellular protein synthesis
Rough ER
• Set of membranes lined with ribosomes
• Produce proteins
• Sends proteins to Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
, • Set of membranes without ribosomes
• Produces biochemicals other than proteins
• Can transport materials through the cell.
Mitochondria
1. Generates energy (ATP)
• Electron transport chain
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
2. Cellular energy metabolism (Contain metabolic machinery
needed forcellular energy metabolism)
• Homeostasis
• pH control
• Osmotic regulation
Golgi complex
• Modifies, sorts and stores proteins for secretion
• Emits secretory vesicles
• Network of smooth membranes and vesicles
• This is like the shipping and processing department
Lysosome
• Membrane bound packet of digestive enzymes
• Phagocytosis of foreign substances
• Autophagocytosis of worn out cytoplasm or organelles
• Peroxisomes- similar function but contains oxidative enzymes.
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