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Samenvatting leerjaar 2 orthopedie deel 1
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Een duidelijke samenvatting waarin alle kennis zit van de kennistoets die niet te uitgebreid is
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By: jolijnoolbekkink2003 • 10 months ago
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ariannehekman
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Gemaakt door Arianne HekmanSamenvatting anatomie deel 1 Ortho Leerjaar 2
Inhoud
Voet en enkel ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Spieren ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Boten en gewrichten ................................................................................................................................... 5
Ligamenten ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Biomechanische aspecten ......................................................................................................................... 10
Vascularisatie............................................................................................................................................ 13
Innervatie ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Onderbeen ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Botten ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Compartimenten ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Spieren ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Knie .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Gewricht en meniscus ............................................................................................................................... 20
Ligamenten ............................................................................................................................................... 21
Spieren ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
Biomechanica ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Vascularisatie............................................................................................................................................ 24
Heup en bovenbeen ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Botten ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Ligamenten: .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Vascularisatie en innervatie: ..................................................................................................................... 27
Spieren: .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Wervelkolom ............................................................................................................................................... 35
Discus ................................................................................................................................................... 35
SI-gewricht................................................................................................................................................ 36
Botten ................................................................................................................................................... 36
Ligamenten ............................................................................................................................................... 37
Biomechanica........................................................................................................................................ 37
Spieren ................................................................................................................................................. 37
Lumbaal .................................................................................................................................................... 38
Biomecenica ......................................................................................................................................... 38
1
,Gemaakt door Arianne Hekman
Innervatie ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Vascularisatie ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Spieren ................................................................................................................................................. 39
Thoracale .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Ligamenten: .......................................................................................................................................... 40
Ribben .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Spieren ................................................................................................................................................. 42
Vascularisatie ........................................................................................................................................ 44
Innervatie ............................................................................................................................................. 44
Cervicale ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Botten ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Biomechanica........................................................................................................................................ 46
Spieren ................................................................................................................................................. 46
Hoofd en hals ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Botten ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
Biomechnica ............................................................................................................................................. 50
Spieren ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Vascularisatie............................................................................................................................................ 56
Innervatie ................................................................................................................................................. 58
Schouder ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
Botten ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
Botten ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Spieren ..................................................................................................................................................... 64
Vascularisatie............................................................................................................................................ 65
Innervatie ................................................................................................................................................. 66
Onderarm en pols ........................................................................................................................................ 67
Botten ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
Gewrichten ............................................................................................................................................... 68
Biomechanica ........................................................................................................................................... 71
Spieren ..................................................................................................................................................... 72
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, Gemaakt door Arianne Hekman
Voet en enkel
Spieren
De student kan de verschillende spieren en spiergroepen van de voet en enkel en hun bijbehorende
functies beschrijven.
Voet:
Hallucis = grote teen
Digiti= tenen
Digiti minimi= kleine teen
Voetzool:
1e spierlaag
• Abductor digiti minimi (plantairflexie en abductie kleine teen)
• Flexor digitorum brevis (Plantairflexie tenen)
• Abductor hallucis (plantairflexie en abductie grote teen)
2e spierlaag
• Quadratus plantae (verlengde flexor digitorum longus)
• Lumbricali (plantair flexie MTP en extensie IP, adductie tenen) Deze
spier loopt over in de strek aponeurose
• Flexor hallucis longus (OSG:inversie, BSG:plantair flexie, grote teen:
Plantairflexie)
• Flexor digitorum longus (OSG:inversie, BSG:plantair flexie)
Eerste spierlaag
• Tibialis posterior Alleen de peesloopt door de tweede laag
(OSG:inversie, BSG:plantair flexie)
• Tibialis anterior (het laatste uit einde hoort erbij) (OSG: Inversie,
BSG: dorsaleflexie)
3e spierlaag
• Flexor hallucis brevis (plantairflexie grote teen)
o Sesambeentjes
• Adductor hallucis (plantair flexie, adductie grote teen)
• Flexor digiti minimi (plantairflexie kleine teen)
4e spielaag
• Interossei
o Plantare (1t/m3) (plantair flexie, adductie tenen)
o Dorsale (1t/m4) (dorsaal flexie, abductie tenen)
o Gerangschikt rond 2e teen
• Peroneus longus (OSG: eversie, BSG: plantairflexie)
• Tibialis posterior (OSG: inversie, BSG: plantairflexie)
• Sesambeentjes
Tweede spierlaag
Derde spierlaag Vierde spierlaag
3
, Gemaakt door Arianne Hekman
Bedekking dorsale voetspieren door fascia dorsalis pedis (voortzetting fascia cruris
van het onderbeen):
Bedekking plantaire voetspieren bedekt door zeer stevige fascie, die in het midden
is versterkt tot de aponeurosis plantaris: straffe bindweefselvezels
vanaf tuber calcanei → 5 slippen → onderling verbonden
door fasciculi transversi (dwarsverlopende vezels) en verbonden met de
huid → stralen uit in ligg. Plantaria v/d MP-gewrichten.
Aan de proximale zijde van de plantaire zijde van de voet bevindt zich het
hielkussen, waarin spiraalvormige kamers met vetweefsel bevinden.
Voetrug:
• Extensor hallucus longus en brevis (dorsale extensie grote teen)
• Extensor digitorm longus en brevis (dorsale extensie tenen 2-4)
• Peroneus tertius (OSG: eversie, BSG: plantaire flexie)
• 1e interosseus (spieren tussen de metatarsus)
• Dorsale aponeurose (plantairflexie MTP, dorsale extensie DIP, PIP2-4
teen)
Enkel:
Om aan te geven welke spieren inversie/eversie kunnen veroorzaken,
hanteert men een compromis-as (lateraal-achter
door processus lateralis tuber calcanei → mediaal-voor door collum talus).
Mediaal hiervan is inversie, lateraal hiervan is eversie.
Plantairflexie Dorsaal flexie Inversie Eversie
m. peroneus brevis, m. peroneus tertius, m. triceps surae, m. peroneus brevis,
m. peroneus longus, m. extensor digitorum longus, m. flexor hallucis longus, m. peroneus longus,
m. triceps surae, m. tibalis anterior, m. flexor digitorum longus, m. peroneus tertius,
m. flexor hallucis longus, m. extensor hallucis longus m. tibalis posterior, m. extensor digitorum
m. flexor digitorum longus, m. tibalis anterior, longus
m. tibalis posterior m. extensor hallucis longus
4
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