Summary
Summary Physiology Guyton and Hall Chapter 38 'Pulmonary ventilation'
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Summary of Physiology Guyton and Hall Chapter 38 'Pulmonary ventilation'
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
COMPLETE TEST BANK: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition by John E. Hall PhD Latest Update.
-
TEST BANK FOR GUYTON AND HALL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 14TH EDITION BY JOHN E. HALL Guyton And Hall Textbook Of Medical Physiology 14th Edition Test Bank (Complete Chapters 1-85) Updated Version...
-
TEST BANK for Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition by John E. Hall and Michael E. Hall all chapters 1-85 covered
Seller
Follow
mschaafsma00
Reviews received
Content preview
All credits go to Hall, J., 2020. Guyton And Hall Textbook Of Medical PhysiologyChapter 38 - Pulmonary ventilation
There are four important components of respiration:
1. Pulmonary ventilation (in and outflow of air)
2. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood
3. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids
4. Regulation of ventilation
Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation
The lungs can be expanded and contracted in two manners:
1. Abdominal breath - downward and upward movement of the diaphragm: The relaxation of the
diaphragm and the elastic recoil of the lungs, chest wall and abdominal structures compresses
the lungs and causes expiration. During heavy breathing (e.g. Exercising) the elastic recoil of the
lungs, which normally suffices, are not powerful enough to expel the air from the lungs, so extra
force is generated by contraction of the abdominal muscles.
2. Chest breath - elevation and depression of ribs: All muscles
involved in the elevation of the rib cage are classified as muscles
of inspiration (external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid muscle,
anterior serrati, scaleni), and vice versa for expiration (abdominal recti, internal intercostals).
Except for the attachment of the hilum from the mediastinum the lungs 'float' freely in the thorax in
pleural fluid. This pleural fluid lubricates the movement of the lungs within the cavity. Due to the
continual suction of excess fluid into the lymphatic vessels, this creates a constant pleural pressure
which makes it seem as if the lungs are 'glued' to the chest
wall (similar to two glass objects with fluid in between). This
pleural pressure is negative (due to suction) and is about -5
centimeters of water. During inspiration, the expansion of the
lungs creates an ever more negative pressure, to an average of
-7.5 centimeters of water.
When no air is flowing in or out of the lungs, the alveolar (air
sacs in the lungs) pressure is equal to the atmospheric
pressure, which is considered to be zero reference pressure -->
0 centimeters of water pressure. For inward flow of air into
the lungs, the pressure must decrease slightly below
atmospheric pressure. Even -1 centimeters of water is enough
to pull 0.5 liter of air into the lungs. During expiration the
opposite happens, and the alveolar pressure rises to about +1
centimeter, forcing the 0.5 to be expelled.
Transpulmonary pressure is a term used to denotate the
Source: Hall, J., 2020. Guyton And Hall Textbook Of
difference between alveolar and pleural pressures. It is a
Medical Physiology
measure of the elastic forces in the lungs that tend to
collapse the lungs at each instant of respiration, also called recoil pressure. The extend to which the
lungs will expand for a single unit of transpulmonary pressure is called the lung compliance (simply put:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mschaafsma00. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.41. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now