Volledige samenvatting van de leerstof uit het boek 'De Menselijke Beslisser' van het vak 'Psychologie van economisch gedrag'.
D.m.v. deze samenvatting een 9 behaald voor het tentamen.
Titel De menselijke beslisser
Auteurs W.L. Tiemeijer, C.A. Thomas & H.M. Prast
Uitgever Amsterdam University Press
ISBN 978-90-8964-202-8
Student Janine Cornelissen
Studie Toegepaste Psychologie VT (2014-2015)
School Hogeschool van Amsterdam
,Hoofdstuk I: De (ir)rationaliteit van de beslisser ................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Assumpties over de rationele beslisser ................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Het primaat van de eigen opbrengsten .................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Maximalisatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Maximaal gebruik van informatie ........................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Perfect incalculeren van onzekerheid ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 Rationeel verdisconteren van de toekomst ............................................................................................................ 8
1.7 Stabiele voorkeuren ................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.8 Emoties ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.9 De Menselijke Beslisser ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Hoofdstuk II: Gedragseconomie in de praktijk .................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Nut van irrationaliteit............................................................................................................................................ 10
2.2 Gezondheidsgerelateerd gedrag ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Persoonlijke financiële planning ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Prosociaal gedrag .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Hoofdstuk III: Gewoontegedrag: de automatische piloot ................................................................................................. 13
3.1 Wat zijn gewoontes? ............................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2 Leren en uitvoeren van gewoontes ...................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Leren van gewoontes ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.2 Uitvoeren van gewoontes ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Onbewust nastreven van doelen .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 De psychologie van het veranderen van gewoontegedrag ................................................................................... 14
3.5 Aanknopingspunten voor beleid ........................................................................................................................... 15
Hoofdstuk IV: Psychologische verschillen in keuzegedrag ................................................................................................ 17
4.1 Need for cognition ................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Need for closure.................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Regulatiefocus-theorie .......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Zelfcontrole ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Verschillen en beleid ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Hoofdstuk V: Groepsnormen en gedrag ........................................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Bestaan er stabiele normen? ................................................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Injunctieve en descriptieve normen ..................................................................................................................... 22
, 5.3 Normen en de groep ............................................................................................................................................. 23
5.4 Interactie en de transformatie van normen .......................................................................................................... 24
5.5 Beïnvloeding van sociale normen ......................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk VI: Cue-power: gedragsturing via omgeving .................................................................................................... 26
6.1 De kracht van de omgeving................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2 Psychologisch mechanisme achter cue power ...................................................................................................... 26
6.3 Normen (de)activeren ........................................................................................................................................... 26
6.3.1 Activatie van normen ............................................................................................................................................................ 26
6.3.2 Deactivatie van normen ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
6.4 Activering van doelen ........................................................................................................................................... 27
6.5 Verschil in gevoeligheid voor automatische beïnvloeding .................................................................................... 28
6.6 Conclusie: gevolgen voor beleid ........................................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk VII: De neurobiologie van besluitvorming ....................................................................................................... 31
7.1 Het kader van de neuro-economie ....................................................................................................................... 31
7.2 Algemene principes van besluitvorming ............................................................................................................... 31
7.3 Deliberatieve versus affectieve systemen in de hersenen .................................................................................... 32
7.3.1 De (on)eerlijke verdeling van geld ........................................................................................................................................ 32
7.4 De cruciale rol van emoties bij besluitvorming ..................................................................................................... 33
Hoofdstuk VIII: Evolutionaire verklaringen van sociaal gedrag ......................................................................................... 35
8.1 Evolutionaire sociale psychologie ......................................................................................................................... 35
8.2 Intraseksuele competitie en reproductie .............................................................................................................. 35
8.3 De mens als sociaal wezen .................................................................................................................................... 36
8.3.1 Het sociale brein ................................................................................................................................................................... 36
8.3.2 Altruïsme bij bloedverwantschap ......................................................................................................................................... 36
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