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Super tof vak over interpersonal relationships!
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Lectures notes, in Dutch also extra notes on written.
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Interpersonal relationshipsBA3 Psychology
Laurelle Spaas
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Lecture 1: Relationship impact on well-being ........................................................................... 2
Literature week 1: ....................................................................................................................... 7
DeWall, N. C., & Bushman, B. J. (2011). Social acceptance and rejection: The sweet and
the bitter. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 256-260. .................................. 7
Book Intimate Relationships (Miller, 7th or 8th Edition) ............................................................ 9
Chapter 1 Building blocks ...................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2 Research methods ................................................................................................ 10
Lecture 2: Evolutionary perspectives on mating and relationships .......................................... 13
Lecture 3 ................................................................................................................................... 21
Lecture 4 Relationship satisfaction and stability ...................................................................... 31
Lecture 5: Self-regulation in close relationships ...................................................................... 41
Lecture 6: Individual differences: Attachment ......................................................................... 52
Overall, N. C., & Simpson, J. A. (2015). Attachment and dyadic regulation processes.
Current opinion in psychology, 1, 61-66.............................................................................. 53
Lecture 7 Miscommunication................................................................................................... 60
1
,Lecture 1: Relationship impact on well-being
This lecture addresses the significance of interpersonal relationships for our general health
and well-being. After this lecture, you should be able to:
- indicate how (e.g. the role of social support) the quantity and quality of our
relationships is associated with health
- identify two ways in which social support operates
- be aware of various effects of social exclusion
- explain the role of control in the effects of exclusion on aggression
Why study relationships?
Coyne et al., 2001; Heart-failure study
Bovenste lijn: happily married en 70% was nog alive. Lage lijn: mannen die ongelukkig
getrouwd waren en 35% heeft maar overleefd.
➔ Impact van blij getrouwd is groot want is het belangrijk voor het overleven van een
hartaanval.
A classic: Berkman & Syme study (1979)
- Sociale intergratie (grootte network, vrienden, ben je getrouwd) dus mensen in hoge of
lage intergratie.
- 17% van de minst geïntegreerde mannen in 9 jaar zijn overleden. Meest geintegreerde
mannen maar 7%.
- Zelfde effect voor vrouwen: 14% van de minst geïntegreerde vrouwen in 9 jaar zijn
overleden en meest geïntegreerde vrouwen 4%
➔ Social integration is belangrijk voor overleven, gezondheid mens!
,Cohen et al. (1997): rhino-virus injection (krijg je verkoudheid door of niet)
- Sociale integratie hoog dan waren mensen niet ziek.
➔ Relationships support the immune system
Boek Bowling Alone: Robert D. Putnam. Social Capital Index per state in Amerika en Health
van mensen per state. Hoe hoger social capital hoe hoger gezondheid (lager sterfte gevallen).
Holt-Lunstad, Smith, & Layton, 2010
➔ Sociale relaties krijgen niet de gelijke hoeveelheid aandacht terwijl het wel zeer van
belang is voor gezondheid!
Why is social integration associated with both physical and psychological well-being?
Social integration → ? → Health and well-being
What would you put on the ?
Social support
- Emotional support (show/doing that you care for someone) & instrumental
support. Strongly correlated and often ‘confounded’ (go shopping when ill).
, - Visible (je ziet er bleek uit, gaat het wel goed? Is beetje negatief) and invisible
support (hulp die je krijgt) (Bolger and colleagues)
Social support → helath and well-being: How?
Cohen & Wils (1985):
- Direct effect-hypothesis (main effect hypothesis)
o Social support makes people to take better care of themselves (less smoking;
more exercise; diet etc): social influence/norms.
o Experience more positive affect (Kwachi & Berkman)
- Stress-buffering hypothesis
o Social support reduces stress under potentially stressful circumstances.
o Stress (cortisol) directly related to health via cardio-vascular and immune
system
Lending a hand study (Coan et al.,2006)
- fMRI study: neurophysiological responses to anticipated pain
- 3 conditions: holding hand of romantic partner, stranger or no hand holding, while
anticipating a hurtful electric shock
- Met zien van rode kruis ipv blauwe cirkel was er stress maar stress werd opgevangen
als romantische partner hand van persoon vasthoudt (als die mensen happier waren in
relatie was beter in verminderen stress van vrouw).
➔ Goede romantische relatie verlaagd stress. Dit is gerelateerd aan social support en
well-being.
Strengt and strain model of marriage and health (Slatcher, 2010;2016)
Als je in een slecht huwelijk zit dan heeft dit juist negatieve gezondheidseffecten. Dit geldt
ook voor stress.
Grootste impact op je gezondheid is stress (work, finances, disease). Als je in een supportive
relatie zit dan kunnen die stress bufferen. Zit je in een slechte relatie dan intensity stress.
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