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Apartheid leaders
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ApartheidKEY FIGURES LEADING PROTEST
SOL PLAATJIE MAHATMA GANDHI
• One of the founding members of the ANC • An activist leader who preached non-violence
• He travelled to Britain in 1913 to protest against in protesting for injustice
• He played a role in leading the Indian
the land act.
community in South Africa, but he was
• He campaigned for black people to get the right prominent in the struggle for India’s
to vote. independence from Britain.
• His writing brought awareness to the treatment • He encouraged peaceful protesting
• India successfully gained independence in
of African people in South Africa.
1948 and his ideas spread to many other
• He led the first attempts at passive, intellectual
freedom leaders.
resistance.
NELSON MANDELA STEVE BIKO
• An early ANC youth member who advocated • From 1968, Biko was a student at a black only
university
for more active method of protest in
• He advocated a philosophy of protest which he
response to the implementation of
called Black Consciousness. This movement was
apartheid made to encourage black people to be proud of
• He campaigned within ANC for the adoption who they were, reject working for white people
and to take protest matters into their own hands
of armed resistance claimed that non-
instead of waiting for someone to do it for them
violence had failed them
• He was a prolific writer, but he was banned
• After his release from prison, he called for from the government.
an end to violence • Biko’s ideas are what lead the 1973 strikes and
the Soweto uprising in 1976. (Student uprising)
• Biko was murdered by the police in 1977
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