Summary
BIAZ/BAZ samenvatting Centraal zenuwstelsel
Deze samenvatting is gemaakt ter voorbereiding voor de BIAZ/BAZ (Basis Inleiding Acute Zorg). De samenvatting is gebaseerd op het thema Circulatie één van de drie onderdelen van de BIAZ/BAZ. De samenvatting is gemaakt aan de hand van theorie uit de boeken Anatomie en fysiologie een inleiding en P...
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November 10, 2021
Number of pages
91
Written in
2021/2022
Type
Summary
Institution
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Education
Intensive Care Verpleegkundige
Course
BAZ Centraal zenuwstelsel
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Samenvattingen BIAZ/BAZ van Erasmus MC
1. Summary - Baz/biaz samenvatting respiratie
2. Summary - Baz/biaz samenvatting circulatie
3. Summary - Biaz/baz samenvatting centraal zenuwstelsel
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Samenvatting – BIAZ-toets 2
Centraal zenuwstelsel
,Inhoudsopgave
Zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Neurale buis ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Anencefalie ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Spina bifida ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Fysiologie (Centraal, perifeer, sympatisch, parasympatisch, somatisch, autonoom) ...................................... 10
Anatomie en fysiologie neuronen, gliacellen en grijze en witte stof ............................................................... 13
Neuronen (zenuwcellen) ................................................................................................................................... 13
Soorten neuronen ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Gliacellen (steuncellen)..................................................................................................................................... 14
Soorten gliacellen in het centrale zenuwstelsel .......................................................................................... 14
Soorten gliacellen in het perifere zenuwstelsel .......................................................................................... 14
Astrocyten (5) ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Oligodendrocyten (4) ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Ependymcellen (1) ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Microgliacellen (3) ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Satellietcellen ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Schwann-cellen ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Witte en grijze stof ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Anatomie en fysiologie van het centrale en perifere zenuwstelsel ................................................................. 16
Cerebrum (grote hersenen) .............................................................................................................................. 16
Diencephalon (tussenhersenen) (1) .................................................................................................................. 17
Mesencephalon (middenhersenen) (3) ............................................................................................................. 17
Pons (4) ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Cerebellum (Kleine hersenen) (1)...................................................................................................................... 18
Medulla oblongata (verlengde merg) ............................................................................................................... 18
Ruggenmerg ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
....................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Hersenkwabben ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Frontaalkwab (4) .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Pariëntaalkwab (2) ........................................................................................................................................... 20
, Temporaalkwab (6) .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Occipitaalkwab (5)............................................................................................................................................ 20
....................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Functies hersenkwabben: ............................................................................................................................ 21
Spraakcentra .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Het centrum van Broca (1) ............................................................................................................................... 22
Het centrum van Wernicke (2).......................................................................................................................... 22
Hersenschors (Cortex) .................................................................................................................................... 23
Motorische schors (3) ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Sensorische schors (1) ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Hersenvliezen (meningen) .............................................................................................................................. 24
Dura mater (1) (buitenste laag)........................................................................................................................ 24
Arachnoïdea (2) (middelste laag) ..................................................................................................................... 25
Pia mater (3) (binnenste laag) .......................................................................................................................... 25
Bloedvoorziening van de hersenen ................................................................................................................ 25
Bloedtoevoer naar de hersenen ....................................................................................................................... 26
Cirkel van Willis ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Veneuze terugkeer............................................................................................................................................ 27
Hersenventrikels en Liquor ............................................................................................................................ 28
Ventrikels .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Liquor................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Intracraniële druk (Hersendruk) ..................................................................................................................... 29
Normaalwaarden intracraniële druk ................................................................................................................ 29
Intracranial pressure (ICP) ........................................................................................................................... 29
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) .............................................................................................................. 29
Intracraniële volumes ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Monro kellie doctrine ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Oorzaken van verhoogde intracraniële druk .................................................................................................... 30
Symptomen verhoogde intracraniële druk ....................................................................................................... 30
Papiloedeem (oedeem in de oogzenuw) ..................................................................................................... 31
Behandeling bij verhoogde intracraniële druk ................................................................................................. 31
Meten van ICP .................................................................................................................................................. 31
Algemene zintuigen en hun functie: Temperatuur, pijn, aanraking, druk en trilling. ...................................... 31
, Zintuigelijke functies......................................................................................................................................... 31
Zien/ gezichtsvermogen ................................................................................................................................... 32
Pupilreactie ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
De verschillende receptoren .......................................................................................................................... 35
Nociceptoren .................................................................................................................................................... 35
Thermoreceptoren ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Mechanoreceptoren ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Chemoreceptoren ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Zintuigelijke stoornissen ................................................................................................................................ 36
Receptoren ....................................................................................................................................................... 36
Sensorische stoornissen .................................................................................................................................... 37
Veroudering ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
Bewustzijn...................................................................................................................................................... 39
RAS (reticulair activeringssysteem) .................................................................................................................. 39
Bewustzijnsstoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Oorzaken ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
Verschil tussen slapen en bewusteloosheid ...................................................................................................... 41
Neurologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Intracraniële druk en inklemming .................................................................................................................... 41
Monro Kellie hypothese .................................................................................................................................... 42
Voorbeeld ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Hersenletsel ................................................................................................................................................... 43
Commotio cerebri (Hersenschudding) .............................................................................................................. 43
Diffuus axonaal letsel (DNL) ........................................................................................................................ 44
Cerebrale contusie en intracranieel hematoom .......................................................................................... 45
Epiduraal hematoom ................................................................................................................................... 45
Subduraal hematoom .................................................................................................................................. 46
Subarachnoïdale bloeding (SAB) ................................................................................................................. 47
Drainage ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Externe ventrikel drain (EVD) ...................................................................................................................... 48
Externe lumbale drain (ELD) ........................................................................................................................ 49
Neurologisch onderzoek................................................................................................................................. 50
Verpleegkundige vormen van neurologisch onderzoek .................................................................................... 51
AVPU ............................................................................................................................................................ 51
Pijnprikkels .................................................................................................................................................. 51
EMV- of GCS-score ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Pupilcontrole ............................................................................................................................................... 54