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BIAZ/BAZ samenvatting Centraal zenuwstelsel

4 reviews
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  • Course
  • BAZ Centraal zenuwstelsel
  • Institution
  • Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)

Deze samenvatting is gemaakt ter voorbereiding voor de BIAZ/BAZ (Basis Inleiding Acute Zorg). De samenvatting is gebaseerd op het thema Circulatie één van de drie onderdelen van de BIAZ/BAZ. De samenvatting is gemaakt aan de hand van theorie uit de boeken Anatomie en fysiologie een inleiding en P...

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Document information

  • November 10, 2021
  • 91
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • biaz
  • baz
  • circulatie
  • erasmus mc
  • intensive care verpleegkundige
  • samenvatting

Written for

  • Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
  • Intensive Care Verpleegkundige
  • BAZ Centraal zenuwstelsel
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Samenvatting – BIAZ-toets 2
Centraal zenuwstelsel

,Inhoudsopgave
Zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................................... 7

Neurale buis ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

Anencefalie ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

Spina bifida ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

Fysiologie (Centraal, perifeer, sympatisch, parasympatisch, somatisch, autonoom) ...................................... 10

Anatomie en fysiologie neuronen, gliacellen en grijze en witte stof ............................................................... 13

Neuronen (zenuwcellen) ................................................................................................................................... 13
Soorten neuronen ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Gliacellen (steuncellen)..................................................................................................................................... 14
Soorten gliacellen in het centrale zenuwstelsel .......................................................................................... 14
Soorten gliacellen in het perifere zenuwstelsel .......................................................................................... 14

Astrocyten (5) ................................................................................................................................................... 14

Oligodendrocyten (4) ........................................................................................................................................ 15

Ependymcellen (1) ............................................................................................................................................ 15

Microgliacellen (3) ............................................................................................................................................ 15

Satellietcellen ................................................................................................................................................... 15

Schwann-cellen ................................................................................................................................................. 15

Witte en grijze stof ........................................................................................................................................... 15

Anatomie en fysiologie van het centrale en perifere zenuwstelsel ................................................................. 16

Cerebrum (grote hersenen) .............................................................................................................................. 16

Diencephalon (tussenhersenen) (1) .................................................................................................................. 17

Mesencephalon (middenhersenen) (3) ............................................................................................................. 17

Pons (4) ............................................................................................................................................................. 17

Cerebellum (Kleine hersenen) (1)...................................................................................................................... 18

Medulla oblongata (verlengde merg) ............................................................................................................... 18

Ruggenmerg ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

....................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Hersenkwabben ............................................................................................................................................. 20

Frontaalkwab (4) .............................................................................................................................................. 20

Pariëntaalkwab (2) ........................................................................................................................................... 20

, Temporaalkwab (6) .......................................................................................................................................... 20

Occipitaalkwab (5)............................................................................................................................................ 20

....................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Functies hersenkwabben: ............................................................................................................................ 21

Spraakcentra .................................................................................................................................................. 22

Het centrum van Broca (1) ............................................................................................................................... 22

Het centrum van Wernicke (2).......................................................................................................................... 22

Hersenschors (Cortex) .................................................................................................................................... 23

Motorische schors (3) ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Sensorische schors (1) ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Hersenvliezen (meningen) .............................................................................................................................. 24

Dura mater (1) (buitenste laag)........................................................................................................................ 24

Arachnoïdea (2) (middelste laag) ..................................................................................................................... 25

Pia mater (3) (binnenste laag) .......................................................................................................................... 25

Bloedvoorziening van de hersenen ................................................................................................................ 25

Bloedtoevoer naar de hersenen ....................................................................................................................... 26

Cirkel van Willis ................................................................................................................................................ 27

Veneuze terugkeer............................................................................................................................................ 27

Hersenventrikels en Liquor ............................................................................................................................ 28

Ventrikels .......................................................................................................................................................... 28

Liquor................................................................................................................................................................ 28

Intracraniële druk (Hersendruk) ..................................................................................................................... 29

Normaalwaarden intracraniële druk ................................................................................................................ 29
Intracranial pressure (ICP) ........................................................................................................................... 29
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) .............................................................................................................. 29

Intracraniële volumes ....................................................................................................................................... 30

Monro kellie doctrine ....................................................................................................................................... 30

Oorzaken van verhoogde intracraniële druk .................................................................................................... 30

Symptomen verhoogde intracraniële druk ....................................................................................................... 30
Papiloedeem (oedeem in de oogzenuw) ..................................................................................................... 31

Behandeling bij verhoogde intracraniële druk ................................................................................................. 31

Meten van ICP .................................................................................................................................................. 31

Algemene zintuigen en hun functie: Temperatuur, pijn, aanraking, druk en trilling. ...................................... 31

, Zintuigelijke functies......................................................................................................................................... 31

Zien/ gezichtsvermogen ................................................................................................................................... 32

Pupilreactie ....................................................................................................................................................... 32

De verschillende receptoren .......................................................................................................................... 35

Nociceptoren .................................................................................................................................................... 35

Thermoreceptoren ............................................................................................................................................ 35

Mechanoreceptoren ......................................................................................................................................... 35

Chemoreceptoren ............................................................................................................................................. 35

Zintuigelijke stoornissen ................................................................................................................................ 36

Receptoren ....................................................................................................................................................... 36

Sensorische stoornissen .................................................................................................................................... 37

Veroudering ...................................................................................................................................................... 37

Bewustzijn...................................................................................................................................................... 39

RAS (reticulair activeringssysteem) .................................................................................................................. 39

Bewustzijnsstoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Oorzaken ..................................................................................................................................................... 40

Verschil tussen slapen en bewusteloosheid ...................................................................................................... 41

Neurologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 41

Intracraniële druk en inklemming .................................................................................................................... 41

Monro Kellie hypothese .................................................................................................................................... 42

Voorbeeld ......................................................................................................................................................... 42

Hersenletsel ................................................................................................................................................... 43

Commotio cerebri (Hersenschudding) .............................................................................................................. 43
Diffuus axonaal letsel (DNL) ........................................................................................................................ 44
Cerebrale contusie en intracranieel hematoom .......................................................................................... 45
Epiduraal hematoom ................................................................................................................................... 45
Subduraal hematoom .................................................................................................................................. 46
Subarachnoïdale bloeding (SAB) ................................................................................................................. 47

Drainage ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Externe ventrikel drain (EVD) ...................................................................................................................... 48
Externe lumbale drain (ELD) ........................................................................................................................ 49

Neurologisch onderzoek................................................................................................................................. 50

Verpleegkundige vormen van neurologisch onderzoek .................................................................................... 51
AVPU ............................................................................................................................................................ 51
Pijnprikkels .................................................................................................................................................. 51
EMV- of GCS-score ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Pupilcontrole ............................................................................................................................................... 54

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