Scheikunde samenvattingen
Hoofdstuk 8 - Basen
Paragraaf 8.1 - Basen in water
Oplossing is basisch als => Ph > 7
→ Basische en zure oplossingen geleiden beide elektrische stroom
→ Bij basen kan dit aangetoond worden als er OH⁻ ionen aanwezig zijn
Moleculaire stoffen geleiden stroom niet. → Toch geleiden sommige (zoals ammonia) wel
stroom.
→ Dit komt doordat een ammoniakmolecuul een H⁺-ion opneemt van water, waarbij
een OH⁻-ion en een NH4⁺-ion ontstaan
Basen nemen een H⁺-ion op in water
Zuren staan een H⁺-ion af in water
Oplossing van Triviale naam Naam Formule
NaOH Natronloog Hydroxide-ion OH˗
KOH Kaliloog Oxide-ion O²⁻
Ca(OH)₂ Kalkwater Carbonaation C0₃ ²⁻
Ba(OH)₂ Barietwater Waterstofcarbonaation HCO₃⁻
Ammoniak NH3
Paragraaf 8.2 - pH berekenen van basen
Verband tussen de pH en de [H⁺] van zure oplossingen:
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = 10^-pH
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