This document is a comprehensive summary of the ieb Grade 11 Circulatory system. Herewith there are diagrams labelling structures and processes of the heart aswell as included extra information.
TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
Human circulatory system
The heart
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE:
CHARACTERISTICS:
surrounded by pericardium= 2 inelastic membranes -1 attached
to heart the heart is a pump that
fluid secreted between membranes = prevent friction applies pressure to force
coronary arteries = supply the heart with oxygen blood around the body
have deposits of fat middle of the chest/ thorax
in hallow space between the
lungs= mediastinum
protected by ribs and
sternum
Date: 16 October
INTERNALLY:
divided into 4 chambers
2 upper = atria = small + thin walls = receiving chamber = collect blood
from veins + pushing into the ventricles
2 lower = ventricles = thick walls, contract and push blood out
walls of left ventricle = super thick = have to pump blood to body
right ventricle = thinner = only need to pump to lungs
myocardium = layer of heart wall made of special muscle - cardiac
muscle = contracts rhythmically
heart divided into right & left sides by septum
heart lined with smooth membrane = endocardium made of endothelial
tissue
ventricles have papillary muscles = tendinous cords extend to the
atrioventricular valves
, TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
Human circulatory system
The heart valves
VALVES:
1. Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
between atria and ventricles
right A and right V= 3 flaps= tricuspid valve
left A and left V = 2 flaps = mitral valve
valves only allow blood to flow from atria to ventricle
tendinous cords attached to each flap = anchor them and
prevent them being pushed inside out by contraction of V
2. Semilunar Valves
@ base of vessels leaving heart & pulmonary A and aorta
pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves respectively
Date: 16 October
3 = half moon shaped membranous flaps = attached to internal
VALVES:
2. Semilunar Valves
ventricles contract = pressure of blood flattens the flaps
ventricles relax = blood flow back towards the ventricles & fill the
pouches = pushes flaps together and closing them
INTERNALLY:
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