Summary
Samenvatting Hoorcolleges 1A1 week 4
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Een uitgebreide samenvatting van de hoorcolleges in thema 1A1 in week 4 inclusief relevante afbeeldingen.
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Week 4HC.1 Organisatie van het
zenuwstelsel
Zenuwstelsel
Autonoom/somatisch
Gescheiden in periferie
Sensibel/motorisch
Informatie gaat twee kanten op
Centraal en perifeer
Centraal (CNS)
Hersenen
- Hersenzenuwen
Ruggenmerg
Perifeer (PNS)
Zenuwen naar dermatoom
Anatomische naamgeving
Hersenen
Tel-encephalon
- Cerebrum + subcorticale kernen
di-enchephalon
- (hypo-)thalamus
Mes-encephalon
- Middenhersenen
Met-encephalon
- Cerebellum (= kleine hersenen) en pons (=brug)
Myel-encephalon
- Medulla oblongata
Ruggenmerg (myelum)
Spinale zenuwen
Hersenstam bestaat uit middenhersenen, pons en medulla oblongata
Onderverdeling centraal zenuwstelsel
Tel-enchephalon
Di-enchephalon
Cerebellum
Hersenstam
- Middenhersenen
- Pons
- Medulla
Ruggenmerg
Hersenen
Gyri en sulci gebieden
, Week 4
Hemisferen = hersenhelften
Corpus callosum
Hersenstam
Cortex en subcorticale gebieden
Cerebrale cortex
4 loben
Corpus callosum
Basale ganglia
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Ruggenmerg
Somatisch
Sensibele input
Motorische output
Lokale circuits (reflex)
Cortico-spinale banen
Autonoom
Via sympatische grensstreng
Systemen: input output
Sensorisch systeem
Input thalamus primaire schors […]
Motorisch systeem
[…] primaire schors ruggenmerg skeletspieren
Cognitieve systeem
Planning, selectie
Limbische systeem (amygdala, hypothalamus, insula)
Emoties, pijn
HC.2 Neuronen en Glia
Neuronen en Glia
Zenuwcellen (neuronen)
Centraal
- Grijze stof (cellichamen en dendrieten)
- Witte stof (axonen)
- Spinale zenuwen
Perifere zenuwen naar dermatoom
Steuncellen (glia)
Neuronen (zenuwcel)
Ong 100 miljard zenuwcellen
Omzetten chemische elektrische chemische prikkels
Integratie van prikkels
Geleiding over grote afstand
, Week 4
Neuron
Dendrieten
Soma
Axon heuvel
Axon
Myelineschede
Pre-synaptisch einde
(transmitter in vesiculi)
Synaps
Neuronen classificatie
Classificatie op basis van structuur
Projectie
Lange afstand
lokaal
Dendritische structuur
Pyramide-vorm
Ster-vorm
Aantal uitsteeksels
1 (unipolair) of 2 (bipolair)
- Specialisatie
Veel (multipolair)
- Integratie
Verbindingen
Divergent (een op veel)/focussed (een op weinig)
Convergent (meer op een)
Verbindingen via synapsen
Chemische overdracht van signalen
Pre-synaptische cel
Neurotransmitter
Receptor
Post-synaptische cel
Synapsen
Fusie synapsblaasjes in pre-synaptisch membraan
Release neurotransmitter in synapsspleet
Kortdurende hechting aan post-synaptische receptor
Neurotransmitters
100+ soorten (dopamine, serotine, glutamaat, etc…)
Honderden types receptoren
Combinatie inhiberende of exciterende werking
Drugs en geneesmiddelen
Cholinesterase-remmers
Binding enzymen zoals acetylcholinesterase
Geen afbraak van (acetyl-)choline
Zenuwstelsel over-actief
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