Alle (9) studenten die gebruik hebben gemaakt van deze samenvatting hadden een 7,6 of hoger. De laatste hoofdstukken zijn niet samengevat omdat de colleges deze beter samenvat.
There still is the idea that the Elite rules the democratic society. Even if it is a plurality
of groups competing to influence the government. Elite pluralism (elite groups) is a
more accurate form there still is the idea of Elitism: an elite on top of the pyramid
and then the masses beneath him.
The elite's were afraid of Marx's vision: A future egalitarian society.
Elites are able to claim their position because of their recourses, their psychological
characteristics or their position within society.
Marxism and the state
An influential political ideology
Modern capitalist societies are dominated by a united self- interest ruling
group (shared idea with Elitism).
Two important differences between Marxism and Elitism
1. Marxists are very specific about the character of the ruling group in capitalist
societies. For Marks the ruling group in pre- communist societies is always the
social group or class that controls the means of production and therefore has
economic power.
2. A communist revolution will bring about a truly egalitarian society. One in
which a hierarchical society is abolished. According to elitists this was an
Utopian dream.
The new right theory of the state
Theory by a number of commentators: "The state has a tendency to expand its
activities far beyond what is healthy for a society".
Political obligation of the state:
Pluralism and elitism: A normative critique
1. The pluralist theory of the state devalues the idea of the general or public
interest.
2. The revised elite version of pluralism is also citized on the grounds that is
dismissing the importance of political participation.
The liberal social contract tradition:
- Provides determination of what the role of the state is ought to do.
- Based around the idea of an imaginary state of nature, where individuals
exist without government.
, The Night watchman state
Liberal tradition: The states should have a free market economy and limited
interference -> Maximize freedom.
The new right challenged the state interventionism that become standard in post
1945 liberal democracies.
Welfare state, the mixed economy, the use of demand management.
Here the state would seek to increase demand in the economy through public
spending on various schemes.
Utilitarianism
- " The key to judging the effectiveness of a government is the degree to which it
promotes the greatest happiness. Because happiness is associated with pleasure"-
Jeremy Bentham.
Liberalism and comunitarianism
The state should remain neutral as between different conceptions of the good.
It is to serve individuals and one of the ways in which it should do this is by
respecting their autonomy and not trespassing on their rights to do as they
please as long as they can do without harm to others.
The liberal theory of the neutral state has been challenged by a body of thought
known as communitarianism:
Re- established the state as an institution with a role to play in uniting society
around a set of values.
The state and the general will
The state should be judged by the degree to which it upholds the general will.
The anarchist theory of the state
Anarchist question the very need for a state.'
Limited impact on modern politics
Ideas based on:
- The states corrupting influence which undermines a human being is
tendency to be morally upstanding.
Raises more questions than it answers.
Is the state "hollowing out?"
The state no longer plays the significant role that it used to.
Globalization: The world has become so economically and politically independent
that there is little room for maneuver for nation states.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Jeuropeanstudies. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor $4.81. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
