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samenvatting bouwconstructies 3
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Samenvatting deel Dockx en een stuk van de lessen van Bouhadan
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Bouwconstructies 3Inhoudsopgave
Gevelbekleding ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Houten gevelbekleding ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Toepassing ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Houtsoorten .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Profielvorm .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Bevestiging .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Spouw ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Afwerkingsdetails .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Varianten op houten gevelbekleding ............................................................................................................ 6
Gevelmetselwerk ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Toepassing ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................... 6
Gevels van geprefabriceerd beton ...................................................................................................................... 7
Toepassing ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................... 7
Constructieve mogelijkheden ........................................................................................................................ 7
Ontwerpaspecten .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Vormgeving en afmetingen ........................................................................................................................... 9
Oppervlakteafwerking ................................................................................................................................. 10
Bevestiging van de elementen aan de bouwconstructie ............................................................................. 12
Thermische isolatie ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Gevelbekleding met natuursteen ..................................................................................................................... 14
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................. 14
De bekledingsplaten .................................................................................................................................... 14
Plaatsing/uitvoering .................................................................................................................................... 14
Ankers .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Vangconstructie ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Kunststeen ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................. 15
Voordelen tov natuursteen ......................................................................................................................... 15
Baksteenplaten ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................. 15
Gevelbepleistering ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................. 16
Uitvoering .................................................................................................................................................... 16
Leien ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................. 16
Uitvoering .................................................................................................................................................... 16
1
, Lichte gevelbekleding ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Beschrijving (staalplaat)............................................................................................................................... 17
Uitvoering .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Voor-en nadelen .......................................................................................................................................... 17
Andere materialen ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Keramische gevelbekleding .............................................................................................................................. 18
Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................. 18
Uitvoering .................................................................................................................................................... 18
Vegetale gevels ................................................................................................................................................ 18
Verschillende systemen ............................................................................................................................... 18
Gevelreiniging ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 19
Verwering van gevels ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Stukvriezen .................................................................................................................................................. 19
Biologische oorzaken ................................................................................................................................... 19
Chemische aantasting .................................................................................................................................. 20
aantasting door zouten ............................................................................................................................... 20
Kennis van de gevelreiniger .............................................................................................................................. 20
Kennis van de ondergrond........................................................................................................................... 20
kennis van de soorten verontreiniging ........................................................................................................ 21
Reinigingstechnieken (VD en ND kennen) ........................................................................................................ 21
Reiniging met enkel water (spoelen) ........................................................................................................... 21
Chemische reiniging .................................................................................................................................... 22
Mechanische reiniging ................................................................................................................................. 22
Andere technieken ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Beschermen tegen graffiti ................................................................................................................................ 23
Hydrofoberen.................................................................................................................................................... 23
Steenverharders ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Schade na reiniging .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Platte dakconstructies .................................................................................................................................... 25
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 25
Historiek ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Soorten dakopbouw ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Koud dak ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Warm dak .................................................................................................................................................... 26
Omgekeerd dak ........................................................................................................................................... 26
Isolatie onder de dakvloer ........................................................................................................................... 29
Isolatie onder hellingsbeton ........................................................................................................................ 29
Onderdelen ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
Draagconstructies en afschot ...................................................................................................................... 29
Dampscherm ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Isolatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Spanningsverdeler ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Dakafdichting ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Goten ........................................................................................................................................................... 35
Dakafvoer .................................................................................................................................................... 36
2
, Lichtdoorbrekingen ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Uitzetvoegen ............................................................................................................................................... 37
Groendaken ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
Indeling ........................................................................................................................................................ 38
Schade aan platte daken en balkons ................................................................................................................ 38
Invloeden op het dak ................................................................................................................................... 38
Schade aan daken en dakterrassen (problemen) ........................................................................................ 39
Hellende daken .............................................................................................................................................. 43
Terminologie..................................................................................................................................................... 43
Soorten daken .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Opbouw zadeldak ............................................................................................................................................. 46
Isoleren zolder .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Gebinten voor zadeldak .................................................................................................................................... 50
Andere dakvormen ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Dakgoten .......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Dakafdichtingen ............................................................................................................................................... 54
Schade .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Dakdoorbrekingen ............................................................................................................................................ 57
Buitenschrijnwerk .......................................................................................................................................... 58
Technische karakteristieken ............................................................................................................................. 58
Uitvoering van het raamprofiel ........................................................................................................................ 58
Principes ...................................................................................................................................................... 58
Praktijk ......................................................................................................................................................... 59
Materialen buitenschrijnwerk .......................................................................................................................... 61
Hout ............................................................................................................................................................. 61
PVC schrijnwerk ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Aluminiumschrijnwerk ................................................................................................................................. 62
Stalen schrijnwerk ....................................................................................................................................... 62
PUR schrijnwerk ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Combinaties ................................................................................................................................................. 62
Problemen ................................................................................................................................................... 63
Plaatsen buitenschrijnwerk .............................................................................................................................. 64
Rolluiken ........................................................................................................................................................... 64
Vliesgevel .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Ventilatieroosters ............................................................................................................................................. 64
Ecologisch bouwen ......................................................................................................................................... 65
Eerste les 12/11 ................................................................................................................................................ 65
Problematiek: maatschappij verandert constant ........................................................................................ 65
Tweede problematiek: milieuproblematiek ................................................................................................ 66
Tweede les 19/11 ............................................................................................................................................. 67
Ecologisch bouwen ...................................................................................................................................... 67
Derde les 25/11 ................................................................................................................................................ 69
3
, Gevelbekleding
Inleiding
Bij sommige gevelmaterialen dient het skelet eerst opgevuld te worden met metselwerk of
een ander draagmateriaal.
Gevelbekleding → hangt aan het gebouw
Dikwijls wordt er onderaan een plint in beton geplaatst van waarop de gevelbekleding start.
Dit is als bescherming van de gevelbekleding tegen vuil en beschadiging.
➢ VB: als je gevelbekleding van hout tot op de grond komt, zal dit beschadigd worden
en het water opslorpen.
➢ VB: staal kan snel indeuken, auto die tegen gevel rijdt, kan zorgen voor een deuk.
Houten gevelbekleding
Toepassing
Geschikt bij 3 systemen:
Bij beton- of staalskelet: eerst opvulmetselwerk of ander draagmateriaal nodig.
Bij houtskeletbouw werken we met houten gevelbekleding, mogelijk omdat kolommen dicht
bij elkaar staan.
Beschrijving
De planken kunnen op drie manieren geplaatst worden:
Horizontale plaatsing Dit is de oudste en meest gebruikte techniek.
Verticale plaatsing Kopshout beschermen!
Schuine plaatsing Hierbij krijgt de gevel een dynamische uitstraling
➢ Vraagt een verhoogde aandacht voor opvang en afvoer
van het regenwater
Houtsoorten
= alle houtsoorten geschikt voor buitenschrijnwerk
= goede duurzaamheid hebben van nature, voor andere kan een voldoende lange
levensduur gegarandeerd worden door een bijkomende behandeling.
5 klassen: 5 is minst duurzaam en 1 is zeer duurzaam.
Ramen meestal duurzaamheidsklasse 1 of 2.
Houtsoorten: hoge duurzaamheid of themisch behandeld hout.
Profielvorm
De zijranden kunnen voorzien zijn van een speciale profilering,waarvan de vorm enerzijds
bepaald wordt door esthetische redenen, maar anderzijds een goede afvoer van het
regenwater moet toelaten.
Bevestiging
Buitenbetimmering wordt bevestigd op horizontaal of verticaal geplaatste regels die zelf
tegen de dragende constructie bevestigd zijn. Deze regels staan bij voorkeur uit naaldhout
en moeten voorzien worden van een preventieve behandeling.
4
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