PORTFOLIO of PEN2601 -Fundamental Penology SEP/NOV 2021
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PEN2601 Fundamental Penology
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University Of South Africa (Unisa)
PORTFOLIO of PEN2601 -Fundamental Penology
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portfolio of pen2601 fundamental penology sepnov 2021
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PEN2601 Fundamental Penology
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SEP/NOV 2021
PEN2601
FUNDAMENTAL PENOLOGY
DURATION: 16-18 NOVEMBER 2021
48 HOURS
PORTFOLIO
Written by
Camecia Cass
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1
, THE CONCEPTS OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
QUESTION 1
1.1 Given the outline of pure prevention (Trojanowicz,1978), explain how you
will implement the primary preventions of crime before they start. (25)
In realising that effective reduction of crime is of paramount importance I would
undertake an approach that include, but went beyond, the criminal justice system
and institute primary preventions of crime before they start.
Undertaking innovative policy research and community based interventions in the
fields of transitional justice, reconciliation, criminal justice transformation, youth
and gender violence prevention, victim empowerment and sustainable peace
building. Subsequently, 'crime prevention' in its true sense intend addressing the
socio-economic and environmental factors that give rise to crime rather than only
enforcing the law after it had occurred.
In order to combat crime one need to understand why crime occurred in the first
place. It had been supposed that criminals were ethically deviant individuals who
committed felonious acts as a result of not being able to obey to common norms
and values. However, a study into this query shown that most people who engage
in various forms of criminal conduct do not automatically differ in any determinate
manner from law abiding individuals
Rather, when considering crime rates and patterns in general, crime was more
clearly linked to a mixture of influential social, economic and demographic forces
and dynamics. For instance, studies had shown in a number of developed
countries that, "youth who are exposed to any of all of the following conditions are
more likely to commit criminal acts than those who are not (and Waller Sansfacon,
2000, p. 5).
Relative poverty and inadequate housing;
Inconsistent or insufficient parental or guardian guidance;
Limited social and cognitive abilities;
Exclusion from school;
Family violence;
Few opportunities for employment and economic exclusion;
A culture of violence.
2
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