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Summary China during the cold war
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overview of China's relation with the USSR and the US during the cold war
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China during the Cold War(relations with USA and USSR)
The USA and the USSR started their cold war officially in 1946 marked by Churchill’s “Iron Curtain”
speech in Fulton, Missouri clearly depicting the two superpowers opposing each other.
China was in the middle of a civil war by then, between Mao (CCP) and Tchang Kaï-chek (KMT) since
1945.
Ironically the CCP was backed up by the soviets and the KMT was backed up by the Americans.
Communism vs. Capitalism.
1rst of October 1949 Mao proclaims the PRC (People’s Republic of China). Which made China an
official communist country it distanced the USA and attracted relations with the USSR.
By 1950, Mao had conquered most of China and Tchang Kaï-chek had fleed to Taiwan
(outcome of first Taiwan crisis).
On the 14th of February 1950 China and the Soviet Union sign a 30-year treaty of friendship. The
“Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship”
The Treaty dealt with a range of issues such as Soviet privileges in Xinjiang and Manchuria
and one of its most important points was the provision of a $300 million loan from the Soviet
Union to the PRC, which had suffered economically and logistically from over a decade of
intense warfare.
The 23thrd of August 1958 Mao’s PRC tried to drive the ROC (Republic of China) away from Taiwan
to get rid of the Nationalists, regain possession of the island as well as test the USA’s defense of the
ROC. It was the “Second Taiwan Crisis”. Eventually they backed down as the USA threatened the PRC
with the nuclear bomb. China and USA at the brink of war.
The Sino-Soviet Split (1956–1966) was the breaking of political relations between the PRC and the
USSR. It occurred due to different interpretations and practical applications of Marxism–Leninism,
Khrushchev denouncing the cult of personality and seeking for a more peaceful coexistence with the
West. As relations worsened, they eventually broke their Treaty of Friendship in 1966 during the
unofficial 7months Sino-Soviet War for territory these issues persisted until the 1991 Sino-Soviet
Agreement.
This turned the bi-polar cold war between the West and the East into a tri-polar conflict the
East now being divided into 2 communist powers.
The 21rst of February 1972 USA’s President Nixon came to visit Mao in China a symbolic end to
25years of mutual hate and the beginning of the “Rapprochement” ideology.
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