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Samenvatting Bouwwetenschappen en materialenkennis
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Bouwwetenschappen & materialenleerInhoudsopgave
1 Hoofdstuk 0: Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 8
1.1 Waarom bouwen we? .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1 Beschutte ruimte ........................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.2 Symboolwaarde .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Waar bouwen we? ............................................................................................................................... 9
1. het ontwerp- en bouwproces ................................................................................................................. 10
1.1. Administratieve voorbereiding ........................................................................................................... 10
1.1.1. De opstart van een project ....................................................................................................... 10
1.2.1 De opstart van een project ....................................................................................................... 11
1.1.2. De omgevingsvergunnig ........................................................................................................... 11
1.1.3. De aanbesteding ....................................................................................................................... 14
1.2. De uitvoering ...................................................................................................................................... 17
1.2.1. Werforganisatie en planning .................................................................................................... 17
1.2.2. Opleveringen en controle rekeningen ...................................................................................... 17
2 Duurzaam en veilig bouwen ................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 Duurzaam bouwen ............................................................................................................................. 18
2.1.1 De ecologische dimensie .......................................................................................................... 18
2.1.2 De sociale dimensie .................................................................................................................. 19
2.1.3 De economoische dimensie ...................................................................................................... 19
2.1.4 Tools & begrippen .................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.5 Circulair bouwen....................................................................................................................... 21
2.2 Veilig bouwen ..................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.1 Veiligheidscoördinatie .............................................................................................................. 22
2.3 Asbestproblematiek ........................................................................................................................... 23
3 Basisbegrippen bouwconstructie ........................................................................................................... 24
3.1 Hoe bouwen we? ................................................................................................................................ 24
3.1.1 Soorten wanden ....................................................................................................................... 24
3.1.2 Wanddoorbrekeningen – invulelementen ............................................................................... 24
3.1.3 Bouwconstructie....................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.4 Bovenbouw & onderbouw ....................................................................................................... 25
3.1.5 Denkpatroon............................................................................................................................. 25
3.1.6 Opbouwmethodes .................................................................................................................... 26
4 Basisbegrippen bouwstabilisatie ............................................................................................................ 29
4.1 Bouwstabiliteit ................................................................................................................................... 29
4.1.1 Uitwendige krachten, bovengronds ......................................................................................... 29
4.1.2 Uitwendige krachten, ondergronds .......................................................................................... 30
4.1.3 Inwendige krachten .................................................................................................................. 30
5 Basisbegrippen bouwprijs ...................................................................................................................... 31
5.1 Bouwprijs............................................................................................................................................ 31
1
, 5.2 Probleemstelling ................................................................................................................................ 31
5.3 Methodiek .......................................................................................................................................... 31
5.4 Raming ............................................................................................................................................... 31
5.4.1 Materiaalkost ........................................................................................................................... 31
5.4.2 Arbeidskost ............................................................................................................................... 32
5.4.3 Vaste kosten en diensten ......................................................................................................... 32
5.4.4 Standaard raming m2/m3 ........................................................................................................ 32
5.4.5 Opsplitsing variabele en vaste kosten ...................................................................................... 33
5.4.6 Vormfactor gebouw.................................................................................................................. 33
5.4.7 Gedetailleerd ............................................................................................................................ 34
5.4.8 Basisrichtprijzen – databanken................................................................................................. 34
6 Basisbegrippen Bouwesthetiek .............................................................................................................. 35
6.1 Bouwesthetiek (BE) ............................................................................................................................ 35
7 Basisbegrippen bouwfysica .................................................................................................................... 35
7.1 Bouwfysica ......................................................................................................................................... 35
8 Basisbegrippen technologie ................................................................................................................... 35
8.1 Bouwtechnologie................................................................................................................................ 35
9 Warmtetransmissie ............................................................................................................................... 36
9.1 Definitie van warmte en temperatuur ............................................................................................... 36
9.2 Transmissievormen van warmte ........................................................................................................ 36
9.2.1 Warmtetransport door geleiding ............................................................................................. 37
9.2.2 Warmtetransport door convectie ............................................................................................ 39
9.2.3 Warmtetransport door straling ................................................................................................ 39
9.2.4 Combinatie van convectie en straling ...................................................................................... 40
9.3 Warmtetransmissie door luchtlagen .................................................................................................. 40
9.3.1 Invloedsfactoren ....................................................................................................................... 40
9.3.2 Ra (in m2 K/W) .......................................................................................................................... 41
9.4 Begrip totale warmte weerstand van een wand ................................................................................ 41
9.4.1 Belangrijke noot ....................................................................................................................... 42
9.4.2 De warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt in U (U-waarde) ................................................................... 42
9.5 Oefeningen warmtegeleidheid ........................................................................................................... 42
9.6 Vragen oefeningensessies .................................................................................................................. 43
10 Vochttransport ................................................................................................................................. 45
10.1 Definitie van vocht ............................................................................................................................. 45
10.2 Waterdamp in de lucht ...................................................................................................................... 45
10.3 Relatieve vochtigheid van de lucht..................................................................................................... 45
10.4 Het dauwpunt van de lucht ................................................................................................................ 45
10.5 Oorzaken van vocht in constructies ................................................................................................... 46
10.6 Dampdiffusie ...................................................................................................................................... 47
10.6.1 Dampdiffusieweerstandsgetal .................................................................................................. 47
10.7 Convectief damptransport ................................................................................................................. 47
10.8 Inwendige condensatie ...................................................................................................................... 47
2
, 10.9 Besluit................................................................................................................................................. 48
10.10 Vragen oefeningensessies ............................................................................................................. 49
11 Brandveiligheid ................................................................................................................................ 50
11.1 Definitie van brand ............................................................................................................................. 50
11.2 Indeling van brandweerstand ............................................................................................................ 50
11.3 De brandreactie van een bouwproduct .............................................................................................. 51
11.4 Regelgeving omtrent brandveiligheid ................................................................................................ 51
11.4.1 Federale wetgeving .................................................................................................................. 52
11.4.2 Gewestelijke wetgeving ............................................................................................................ 52
11.4.3 Gemeentelijke wetgeving ......................................................................................................... 53
11.5 Vragen oefeningensessies .................................................................................................................. 53
12 Luchtdichtheid .................................................................................................................................. 54
12.1 Definitie van luchtdicht bouwen ........................................................................................................ 54
12.2 Toepassing van luchtdicht bouwen .................................................................................................... 54
12.3 Luchtlekken opsporen ........................................................................................................................ 55
12.4 Infiltrometrietest ................................................................................................................................ 55
13 Akoestiek.......................................................................................................................................... 57
13.1 Normen .............................................................................................................................................. 57
13.2 Prestaties ........................................................................................................................................... 57
13.3 Geluid ................................................................................................................................................. 58
13.4 Fundamentele inzichten ..................................................................................................................... 59
13.4.1 Luchtgeluid ............................................................................................................................... 59
13.4.2 Contactgeluid ........................................................................................................................... 59
14 Cement ............................................................................................................................................. 64
14.1 Geschiedenis van cement ................................................................................................................... 64
14.1.1 Van waar komt ’Portland’cement? ........................................................................................... 64
14.2 Definitie van cement .......................................................................................................................... 64
14.3 Toepassingen van cement .................................................................................................................. 64
14.4 Bestanddelen van cement .................................................................................................................. 65
14.5 Fabricatie van cement ........................................................................................................................ 65
14.6 Indeling van cement ........................................................................................................................... 66
14.6.1 Druksterkteklassen ................................................................................................................... 67
14.7 Verschil tussen cement, mortel, specie en ......................................................................................... 67
14.8 Kwaliteitsgarantie van cement .......................................................................................................... 67
14.9 Cement voor verschillende toepassingen ........................................................................................... 68
14.10 Duurzaamheid van cement ........................................................................................................... 68
14.11 Vragen oefeningensessies ............................................................................................................. 69
15 Beton ................................................................................................................................................ 69
15.1 Definitie van beton ............................................................................................................................. 69
3
, 15.2 Toepassingen van beton .................................................................................................................... 70
15.3 Bestanddelen van beton..................................................................................................................... 70
15.3.1 Toeslagmaterialen .................................................................................................................... 70
15.3.2 Cement ..................................................................................................................................... 71
15.4 Fabricatie van beton .......................................................................................................................... 71
15.4.1 Betoncentrale ........................................................................................................................... 72
15.4.2 Pompbeton ............................................................................................................................... 72
15.4.3 Nabehandeling ......................................................................................................................... 73
15.5 Indeling van beton.............................................................................................................................. 73
15.5.1 Volumieke massa ...................................................................................................................... 73
15.5.2 Uitvoeringsmethode (Prefabbeton) ......................................................................................... 74
15.5.3 Bijzondere eigenschappen........................................................................................................ 75
15.6 Eigenschappen van beton .................................................................................................................. 75
15.7 Water/Cement Factor (WFC) ............................................................................................................. 76
15.8 Consistentie van beton ....................................................................................................................... 76
15.9 Druksterkte van beton........................................................................................................................ 76
15.10 Gewapend beton ........................................................................................................................... 77
15.11 Voorgespannen beton = VB ........................................................................................................... 77
15.12 Classificering van de aantastingsrisico’s ....................................................................................... 77
15.13 Omgevingsklassen van beton ........................................................................................................ 78
15.14 Betontypes..................................................................................................................................... 78
15.15 Stortklaar vs zelfgemaakt beton ................................................................................................... 78
15.16 Beton en energiebesparing ........................................................................................................... 78
15.17 Duurzaamheid van beton .............................................................................................................. 79
15.18 Beton bij brand .............................................................................................................................. 79
15.19 Vragen oefeningensessies ............................................................................................................. 79
16 Cellenbeton ...................................................................................................................................... 81
16.1 Geschiedenis....................................................................................................................................... 81
16.2 Definitie van cellenbeton.................................................................................................................... 81
16.3 Toepassingen van cellenbeton ........................................................................................................... 81
16.4 Bestanddelen van cellenbeton ........................................................................................................... 81
16.5 Fabricatie van cellenbeton ................................................................................................................. 82
16.6 Producten van cellenbeton ................................................................................................................. 82
16.7 Eigenschappen van cellenbeton ......................................................................................................... 83
16.8 Cellenbeton en energiebesparing ....................................................................................................... 83
16.9 Duurzaamheid van cellenbeton.......................................................................................................... 83
16.10 Cellenbeton bij brand .................................................................................................................... 83
16.11 Vragen oefeningensessies ............................................................................................................. 84
17 Kalkzandsteen .................................................................................................................................. 85
17.1 Geschiedenis van kalkzandsteen ........................................................................................................ 85
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