Summary
Summary Neurophysiology
- Course
- Institution
- Book
summary for neurophysiology
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Test Bank For Medical Physiology, 3rd - 2017 All Chapters - 9781455743773
-
Class notes BIO413 Medical Physiology
-
Class notes BIO413 (bio5413) Medical Physiology med phys notes
Seller
Follow
talootaloo12070503
Content preview
Lecture 1 : organization of the nervous systemCells of the NS : neurons & glia -> neural circuits (+endoth cells, pericytes)
Neural circuits : primary components of the neural sys, process specific types of info
neural syst :
1) sensory syst
2) motor syst
3) association syst : sens + motor
Genetics and the brain : Human -> 20’000 genes, 14’000 expressed in the developing brain, 8’000 in all cells and
tissue
Subdivision of the NS :
Subdivision Components Special features Location
Central 1) Brain (+ CN2 + retina) - Oligo → myelin - Covered by meninges (o->i : dura
2) spinal cord - Axons CANNOT mater, arachnoid, pia mater)
3) Optic n (CN2) regenerate - Gray matter : cell bodies +
unmyelinated fibers
- nuclei : clusters of cell bodies within
the white matter of the CNS
Peripheral 1) Peri ganglia* (+ cell bodies) - Schwann cell -> - outside the dura mater
2) sensory respector myelin - * = Gps of n. cells concentrated into
3) peri portion of spinal cord + - Axons can small knots or clumps located
CN (no CN2) regenerate outside the CNS
Afferent + efferent
Autonomic Selected portions of the CNS and PNS Functionally distinct system
1
, Types of Nervous T cells
1. Neurons : sensory/motor/interneurons/ association neurons
a) Characteristics
1) Excitabiliy
- stimulus
- AP (produce + conduction)
- neurotransmitters (release chemical regulators)
2) long-lived
3) high metabolic rate for high energetic consume
4) amitotic-cannot divide by mitosis
!!! neurons arise 4 mo intrauterine life. !!! Exp : olfactory bulb n. renewed continually by stem cell or neuronal
progenitor cells
b) strc
str Organelles Cytoskeleton plus
Cell body/ soma/ nucleus neurofilaments
perikaryon ER microtubules
Golgi complex thin filaments (dyn
mitochondria features → plasticity)
Dendrites ER Microtubules - limites length
- membrane receptors for neurotransmitters
-dendritic spines: amplify the receiving/ postsynaptic area
Axon axoplasm microtubules - axon hillock : unmyelinated
microfilaments - axon : myelinated
- self reliant in energy metabolism, taking up glucose +
oxygen from their immediate envi to produce ATP
Presynaptic terminals elect signal → chemical signal or other (signal transduction)
c) neuronal compartmentalization
- n. are polarized cells
- Axoplasmic transport of molecules in vesicles is mediated by microtubule-associated proteins
(MAPs) :
1) Kinesin* - Anterograde transport, → axon terminal/ presynaptic seg, (+) end of
microtubules
*energized by ATP
2) Dynein* (MAP-1C) - retrograde transport, → postsynaptic
*splits ATP
2
,d) Classification
1) Axonal projection (long/short)
2) Dendrites geometry/shape (pyramidal/stellate/spiny)
3) Nbr of processes originating from cell body (unipolar/bipolar/multipolar)
4) N. based on their function
- Sensory (afferent) n
● carry impulses from the sensory receptors
● cutaneous sense organs
● proprioceptors - detect stretch or tension
- Motor (efferent) n
● Carry impulses from CNS
- Interneurons (association n)
● found only in the CNS, in neural pathways
● connect sensory + motor
3
, 2. Non-neuronal/neuroglial cells : astrocytes/ microglia/ ependymal cells/ oligodendrocytes/ Schwann cells
- smaller & more numerous
- no axons
- no AP
Astrocytes 1) Helps form the blood-brain barrier
2) regulates IF composition
3) Provides str support + organization to the CNS
4) Assist w neuronal dvp
5) Replicates to occupy space of dying n.
Ependymal Cell 1) lines ventricles of the brain + central canal of spinal cord
2) assists in production + circulation of CSF
Microglial Cell 1) Phagocytic cells, move through the CNS
2) Protects the CNS by engulfing infectious agents + other potential harmful
substances
Oligodendrocyte 1) Myelinates + insulates CNS axons
2) Allows faster action potential propagation along axons in the CNS
Glial Cell function :
- major impact on the compo of the ECF (ECF, major role in blood barrier)
- Glial Fills in almost all the space around neurons: EC space btw neurons and glial cells
- Clear transmitters from synapse, role in ion homeostasis, cell volume control, vol transmission (K+ & H+
uptake- role in maintaining neuronal excitability)
- Myelin synt by oligon (CNS), Schwann cells (PNS)
- Neuron-glia connections assist synchronous firing in the neural net
- Neurovascular unit- cerebral capillary (BBB), pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons : assist
neurovascular coupling (increased n metabolism in active brain areas det vasodilation + increased local
blood perfusion)
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller talootaloo12070503. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $45.36. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82191 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now