BTEC National Health and Social Care Student Book 1
Use As A Guide
A.P1 Explain the causes of different infections and the diseases that can result from them.
A.P2 Explain how these diseases can be transmitted and contracted.
A.M1 Assess how the transmission and contraction of infectious diseases can be influenced by different factors.
I...
Health and social care unit 5 course work Aim D (distinction level)
Unit 14 - Physiological Disorders and their Care
Unit 7 - Principles of Safe Practice
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
Health and Social Care 2016 NQF
Unit 9 - Infection Prevention and Control
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Unit 9 infection prevention and control task 1
AP1: Explain the causes of different infections and the diseases that can result
from them.
AP2 : Explain how these diseases can be transmitted and contracted
In this unit I will be talking about the difference between disease and what infections
cause them. I will also talk about the environment that infection grow or multiply and
the disease it can result in.
Organisms can cause infections. This is because microorganism such as bacteria
and other like virus, fungus and parasites are able to cause infections that can make
humans to fall sick. Although not all organism fall sick when they have an infection
inside their body, some animals such as lizard may not fall sick when an infection
such as salmonella living inside their body however humans may suffer a lot of
consequences from having this infection. For this reason infections are able to
multiply inside a human and cause them to have infections such as HIV or a
common cold. For instance, a bacteria is a pathogen and is a simple organism made
up of a single cell that can multiply given what temperature or condition it's in.
Although viruses are smaller, they can survive without a host for a long time but they
do require a living cell to be able to multiply but can survive on non living cell but
may not be able to multiply on them. Some viruses can be treated with antibiotic but
not all can be. They can transfer from person to person but it take a lot of virus to
make someone sick. Parasites can also be pathogenic and can also spread from
person to person. They can get in a body through the skin and mouth. Examples of
parasite are threadworms. Fungi can be a multi celled like mould or single celled like
yeast. If an animal or plants start to decay, fungi would break down those remains.
Microorganisms can also cause infections through people. This is because if a
human has an infection such as a cold then other may catch this by touching the
same keyboards as the person with the cold. They may also catch the cold by talking
to the person or if the person sneezes and coughs near them, this is because the
person is transmitting droplets of the infection to others. Infections can also use
organisms such as plants, soils and animals when it isn’t using a human as a host.
This is because bacteria can also benefits from the nutrients of the plants roots but
so can the soil as it can get feed the nutrients from the microorganism. In a spore a
bacteria can survive as they are able to move to areas of more heat. Meanwhile a
cyst occur because it is filled with fluid of the infection that happens deep inside the
skin which causes it to create a yellowish bump.
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, Carriers of infections include raw/ contaminated food, water-borne disease, human
contact and vector borne disease. Water borne disease are transmitted when
someone drink contaminated water which means they are drinking the infection in
the water. Vector-borne disease are transmitted to humans from blood feeding
animals such as mosquitoes or living organisms that may carry infections and
transmit it from human to human. Human contact is a carrier of infection because if
someone have unprotected sex with someone with a virus such as hiv then it will be
transferred to them through bodily fluid. Raw food carries diseases such as
salmonella that can cause someone to be very sick, this mean it is a carrier of
infections.
Communicable disease can spread through food, water, air, direct contact and
insect. Food and water can get into contact with germs and become infected if the
food isn’t cooked or stored properly and if the water isn’t properly stored or handled.
Animals such as roaches may come into contact with it therefore increasing the risk
of the food or water being infected with germs. Disease like poliomyelitis and cholera
happen as a result of this.
These diseases can also be transmitted through the air. When someone who is sick
coughs, spits or sneezes then they increase the chance of the germs being released
into the air and entering another person’s body.
When a non sick person come in contact with a sick person clothes, towel or tissue
then they are likely to get infected as well. Diseases like ringworm can happen as a
result of this.
Diseases like malaria transmit because of blood sucking insects such as
mosquitoes. Malaria happen when protozoan gets in the bloodstream when a female
mosquitoes sucks the blood of a healthy person.
The resulting disease of some of these infections can be quite severe. Some disease
can result into systematic infection which means microorganism has caused an
infection throughout the whole body such as the respiratory and digestive system
which makes it more severe. Meanwhile localised infection is based on one area or
location such as an infected wound.
Fungi
Athlete’s foot- Fungi can cause athlete's foot, ringworm and yeast infections such as
candidiasis. For instance the resulting disease that comes from having fungus is
athlete's foot this happens because the feet come in contact with skin to skin with
contaminated surface, this occurs between the toes or feet. This is because the feet
or toes has become too sweaty and too hot so it allows for the fungi to multiply and
grow. This results in the feet becoming dry, flaky and itching, if not treated it can
spread from toe to toe and can cause a rash. According to (Cobb, 2018) you can get
athlete's foot by wearing tight shoes, having sweaty feet and going out bare feet.
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