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Samenvatting kennistoets minor neurorevalidatie
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Samenvatting voor het tentamen van de minor neurorevalidatie, exclusief mono uitwerking.
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Samenvatting neurorevalidatie (excl. mono)Inhoudsopgave
Samenvatting neurorevalidatie (excl. mono)......................................................................1
1. CVA................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Ischeamisch CVA....................................................................................................................4
1.1.1. Etiologie................................................................................................................................................4
1.1.2. Lokalisatie.............................................................................................................................................4
1.1.3. Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................4
1.2. Hemorragisch CVA.................................................................................................................5
1.2.1. Subarachnoïdale bloeding....................................................................................................................5
1.2.2. Subduraal hematoom...........................................................................................................................5
1.2.3. Behandeling HCVA................................................................................................................................6
2. Anatomie brein..............................................................................................................7
2.1. Het binnenbrein.....................................................................................................................8
2.2. Bloedvoorziening brein..........................................................................................................8
2.2.1. Cirkel van Willis.....................................................................................................................................8
3. Schade en herstel.........................................................................................................10
3.1. Schade.................................................................................................................................10
3.1.1. Verdeling schade in hersenen............................................................................................................10
3.2. Herstel.................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1. Vormen herstel...................................................................................................................................11
3.2.2. Prognose.............................................................................................................................................11
3.2.3. Interventies.........................................................................................................................................11
4. Traumatisch hersenletsel..............................................................................................12
4.1. Etiologie...............................................................................................................................12
4.2. Onderverdeling en ernst......................................................................................................12
4.2.1. DAI.......................................................................................................................................................12
4.2.2. Secundaire gevolgen...........................................................................................................................13
4.3. Behandeling THL..................................................................................................................13
5. Bewustzijn....................................................................................................................13
5.1. Niveaus bewustzijn..............................................................................................................14
6. De hersenzenuwen.......................................................................................................15
7. Therapie binnen neurorevalidatie.................................................................................16
7.1. Leren....................................................................................................................................16
7.2. Aandacht.............................................................................................................................16
7.3. Biofeedback........................................................................................................................16
7.3.1. Vormen van stimulatie........................................................................................................................16
8. Multiple sclerose..........................................................................................................17
1
, 8.1. Symptomen.........................................................................................................................17
8.2. Werking axon.......................................................................................................................17
8.3. Etiologie...............................................................................................................................18
8.3.1. Oligodrocyten.....................................................................................................................................18
8.3.2. Microgliacellen....................................................................................................................................18
8.4. Vormen MS..........................................................................................................................18
8.5. Prognose..............................................................................................................................18
9. Parkinson.....................................................................................................................19
9.1. Etiologie...............................................................................................................................19
9.2. Lokalisatie............................................................................................................................19
9.3. Symptomen.........................................................................................................................19
9.4. Rode vlaggen voor diagnose Parkinson................................................................................19
10. Parkinsonisme............................................................................................................20
10.1. Cues bij Parkinson en Parkinsonisme.................................................................................20
11. Therapieprincipes neurorevalidatie............................................................................21
11.1. Empirische cyclus...............................................................................................................21
11.2. Neurale basis motoriek......................................................................................................21
11.3. Sensomotorische cirkel......................................................................................................22
11.4. Visus en motoriek..............................................................................................................22
11.4.1. Imiteren............................................................................................................................................22
11.5. Mentale aspecten bij therapie...........................................................................................22
11.6. Interne v.s. externe motorische storing.............................................................................23
12. De therapeutische situatie..........................................................................................23
13. Neuropsychologie.......................................................................................................24
13.1. Raamwerken......................................................................................................................24
13.1.1. Luria..................................................................................................................................................24
13.1.2. Negen cellen model..........................................................................................................................25
13.1.3. Drie-assen model..............................................................................................................................25
13.2. NPFS..................................................................................................................................26
13.2.1. Hemi-inattentie/ neglect..................................................................................................................26
13.2.2. Soorten aandacht.............................................................................................................................26
13.2.3. Verschil neglect en hemianopsie......................................................................................................26
13.2.2. Agnosie.............................................................................................................................................27
13.2.4. Afasie................................................................................................................................................27
13.2.5. Rechterhemisfeer taalstoornissen....................................................................................................28
13.2.6. Apraxie..............................................................................................................................................28
13.3. Amnesieën en geheugen....................................................................................................29
13.3.1. Geheugen..........................................................................................................................................29
13.3.2. Amnesie na letsel..............................................................................................................................29
13.3.3. Indeling geheugen............................................................................................................................30
13.3.4. Beïnvloeden geheugen.....................................................................................................................30
13.4. Executieve functiestoornis.................................................................................................30
2
, 13.4.1. Gevolgen op......................................................................................................................................31
13.4.2. Testen executieve functies...............................................................................................................31
14. Neuropsychologie.......................................................................................................32
14.2. Observeren........................................................................................................................32
14.2.1. Methodes..........................................................................................................................................32
14.3. Neuropsychologisch onderzoek.........................................................................................32
14.3.1. Soorten neuropsychologisch onderzoek..........................................................................................33
14.3.2. Soorten geheugen en lokalisatie......................................................................................................33
14.4. Intellectueel functioneren..................................................................................................33
14.5. Frontaalsyndroom.............................................................................................................34
14.6. Stemming, gedrag en persoonlijkheid................................................................................34
14.6.1. Onderverdeling.................................................................................................................................34
14.7. Noso agnosie.....................................................................................................................35
14.8. Psychosociale factoren.......................................................................................................35
14.9. Sociale isolatie...................................................................................................................35
15. Coping........................................................................................................................35
15.1. Fasen aanpassingsproces...................................................................................................35
15.2. Schokverwerking...............................................................................................................35
15.3. Coping................................................................................................................................36
15.4. Coping stijlen.....................................................................................................................37
3
, 1. CVA
Ischeamisch = infarct
Hemorragisch = bloeding
TIA = transient ischeamic attack
1.1. Ischeamisch CVA
1.1.1. Etiologie
Afsluiting bloedvat door trombus (stolsol)
Embolie (stolsol in ader)
Na afsluiting bloedvat kan hypoxie ontstaan hypoperfusie.
Hypoxie is een conditie van het weefsel na zuurstoftekort.
1.1.2. Lokalisatie
Corticaal hoge hersenschors
Subcorticaal lagere structuren brein
Lacunair kleiner infarct
Waterscheidingsinfarct bepaald gebied krijgt minder zuurstof
1.1.3. Behandeling
Tijd = afsterven weefsel
Trombolyse Trombectomie Decrompressie
4,5 uur naar ontstaan Tot 6 uur na ontstaan Bij dreiging inklemming
uitval Proberen stolsel te Risico zwelling
Zsm bloedverdunners verwijderen Hemicraniëctomie (deel
door bloed gepompt. Dit schedel lichten om
verkleind kans op ruimte te creëren.
bloedingen elders
4
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