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Samenvatting methodologie kwalitatief onderzoek voor de gezondheidswetenschappen
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2013Methodologie:
kwalitatief onderzoek
SAMENVATTINGEN
JANNE
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: de natuur en het gebruik van kwalitatief onderzoek........................................................8
Wat is kwalitatief onderzoek?............................................................................................................8
Belangrijkste kenmerken van kwalitatief onderzoek..........................................................................8
De data zijn primair............................................................................................................................8
Contextualisering................................................................................................................................8
Onderdompeling in de echte leefwereld............................................................................................8
Emic perspective.................................................................................................................................8
Thick description................................................................................................................................9
Belangrijkheid van de relatie..............................................................................................................9
Reflexiviteit.........................................................................................................................................9
Plaats van theorie...............................................................................................................................9
Bruikbaarheid van kwalitatief onderzoek in de gezondheidszorg......................................................9
Problemen........................................................................................................................................10
Gebrek aan methodologische kennis............................................................................................10
Verdrinken in data en de tijdsnood..............................................................................................10
Methodolatry................................................................................................................................10
Romantiek en het emotionele......................................................................................................10
Verwaarlozen van methode..........................................................................................................10
Hoofdstuk 2: het paradigmadebat: de plaats van kwalitatief onderzoek.............................................11
Theoretisch kader en ontologische positie.......................................................................................11
Het natuurwetenschappenmodel: positivisme, objectivisme en waardeneutraliteit.......................11
Het paradigmadebat.........................................................................................................................12
De interpretatieve/ beschrijvende aanpak.......................................................................................12
Recente focus op postmodernisme en sociaal constructivisme.......................................................12
Tegenstrijdige of aanvullende perspectieven?.................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 3: eerste stappen in het onderzoeksproces........................................................................14
Bepalen onderzoeksgebied/thema:..................................................................................................14
Bepalen onderzoeksvraag:................................................................................................................14
Literatuurstudie................................................................................................................................15
Literatuurstudie bij kwalitatief onderzoek........................................................................................15
Research proposal........................................................................................................................16
Toegang tot het regelen:..............................................................................................................17
Samenvatting:...................................................................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 4: Ethische overwegingen...................................................................................................17
1
, Inleiding............................................................................................................................................17
Het basis ethische kader voor onderzoek (The basic ethical framework for research)....................17
Ethiek in kwalitatief onderzoek........................................................................................................18
Ethiek in onderzoek met patiënten..................................................................................................19
Interviews en observatie..............................................................................................................19
Informed consent en vrijwillige deelname (voluntary participation)................................................20
Anonimiteit en vertrouwelijkheid (anonymity and confidentiality)..................................................21
Het informatieblad voor de deelnemer (The participant information sheet)...............................22
Onderzoek met leeftijdsgenoten (researching one’s peers).............................................................22
De onderzoeksrelatie (The research relationship)............................................................................23
De dubbele rol (The dual role)......................................................................................................23
Onderzoek in de werkplaats van de onderzoeker (Research in the researcher’s workplace)...........24
De rol van ethische onderzoekscomités (The role of research ethics committees)..........................24
Het onderzoeksproject herzien (Reviewing the research project)....................................................25
Ethische sleutelvragen: geluidsband interviews (Key ethical questions: audiotaped interviews) p67-
69......................................................................................................................................................25
Ethische sleutelvragen: observatiestudies (Key ethical questions: observation studies) p69--70....25
Hoofdstuk 5: The issue of supervision..................................................................................................26
Supervisie (supervision)....................................................................................................................26
Gemeenschappelijke verantwoordelijkheden..................................................................................26
Promotor/mentor (supervisor).........................................................................................................26
Student/onderzoeker (researcher)...................................................................................................27
Schrijven...........................................................................................................................................27
Enkele supervisie (single supervision) of gezamelijke supervisie (joint supervision)........................27
Mixed-methods study.......................................................................................................................27
Problemen bij supervisie..................................................................................................................28
Besluiten...........................................................................................................................................28
Samenvatting....................................................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 6: interviewing....................................................................................................................29
Interviews as sources of data...........................................................................................................29
‘Conversation with a purpose'.....................................................................................................29
Enkele kenmerken........................................................................................................................29
The interview process...................................................................................................................29
Types of interview........................................................................................................................30
Probing, prompting and summarizing..........................................................................................32
The social context of the interview...............................................................................................32
2
, Unexpected outcomes: qualitative interviewing and therapy......................................................33
Length and timing of interviews...................................................................................................33
Recording interview data..............................................................................................................34
The interviewer-participant relationship......................................................................................34
Problematic issues and challenges in interviewing.......................................................................35
Interviewing through electronic media........................................................................................35
Ethical issues in interviewing........................................................................................................36
Strengths and weaknesses of interviewing...................................................................................37
Summary......................................................................................................................................38
Hoofdstuk 7: Participerende observatie en documenten als bronnen van datacollectie.....................39
7.1 Participerende observatie als bron van datacollectie.................................................................39
7.1.1 Definitie...............................................................................................................................39
7.1.2 De oorsprong van participerende observatie......................................................................39
7.1.3 De immersie in de cultuur en de setting..............................................................................40
7.1.4 Focus en Setting...................................................................................................................40
7.1.4 Vier types van observaties...................................................................................................41
7.1.6 Ethische dilemma’s bij observatie........................................................................................42
7.1.7 Progressie en proces............................................................................................................42
7.1.8 Problematische kwesties.....................................................................................................43
7.1.9 Technische procedures en praktische hints.........................................................................44
7.2 Documenten als bron van datacollectie.....................................................................................44
7.2.1 Algemeen............................................................................................................................44
7.2.2 Beeldmateriaal als datacollectie..........................................................................................45
Hoofdstuk 8: Focusgroepen in kwalitatief onderzoek..........................................................................46
Samenvatting...................................................................................................................................51
Hoofdstuk 9: Sampling and Site selection (‘Steekproef’ selectie).........................................................53
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................53
PURPOSEFUL (or purposive) sampling).............................................................................................53
SAMPLING TYPES..............................................................................................................................54
Homogene sampling.....................................................................................................................54
Heterogene sampling of maximum variation sampling................................................................54
Total population sampling............................................................................................................54
Chain referral sampling(snowball sampling).................................................................................55
Convenience or opportunistic sampling.......................................................................................55
Maximum variation sampling.......................................................................................................55
Theoretische sampling..................................................................................................................55
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