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Samenvatting Thema 3.1.3 Zenuwstelsel III

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Ben jij een derdejaars geneeskunde student aan de RUG en en heb je geen zin om alle stof door te moeten nemen? Zoek vooral niet verder! Deze samenvatting, met veel handige tabellen en afbeeldingen, bevat een compleet overzicht van alle colleges en leerstof voor: Samenvatting Thema 3.1.3 Zenuwstels...

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  • November 25, 2021
  • November 29, 2021
  • 153
  • 2021/2022
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Samenvatting
thema 3
3.1.3 Zenuwstelsel III




Naam:

Week 9, 10, 11 en 12

,Inhoudsopgave
Bouw en functie van een skeletspier ............................................................................................................................ 3

Het autonome zenuwstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 5

De hersenstam ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

Hersenzenuwen .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Aandoeningen van de hersenzenuwen .......................................................................................................................... 22
Neurologisch onderzoek hersenzenuwen ....................................................................................................................... 23
Aansturing van de oculomotoriek, de pupilreflex en het zien van dubbelbeelden ......................................................... 26

Hersenvliezen en het cerebrospinale liquorsysteem ................................................................................................... 31

Cerebrale doorbloeding .............................................................................................................................................. 33

De relatie tussen systemische circulatie en cerebrale circulatie .................................................................................. 35
Autoregulatie ................................................................................................................................................................. 35

Gedrag en motivatie mechanismen van het brein ...................................................................................................... 38

Elektro-encefalografisch onderzoek en het elektro-encefalogram (EEG) .................................................................... 42

Traumatisch hoofd- en hersenletsel ........................................................................................................................... 46

Fysiologie van bewustzijn ........................................................................................................................................... 48

Fysiologie slaap .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Slaapstoornissen ............................................................................................................................................................ 55

Veranderd bewustzijn ................................................................................................................................................ 57
Coma .............................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Hersendood .................................................................................................................................................................... 63

Wegraking .................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Syncope .......................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Epileptische aanval ........................................................................................................................................................ 78

Functies hersenkwabben ............................................................................................................................................ 92

Psychiatrie .................................................................................................................................................................. 93

Neurocognitieve stoornis ........................................................................................................................................... 95
Depressie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 96
Verwarring ..................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Delier .............................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Dementieel syndroom .................................................................................................................................................. 109
Ziekte van Alzheimer ............................................................................................................................................... 113
Frontotemporale dementie (FTD) ........................................................................................................................... 115



1

, Lewy body dementie (LBD) ..................................................................................................................................... 117
Ziekte van Creutzfeldt-Jakob ................................................................................................................................... 118
Vasculaire dementie ..................................................................................................................................................... 118

Cognitieve stoornissen (afasie, apraxie, agnosie en amnesie) ................................................................................... 120
Visuele stoornissen ....................................................................................................................................................... 122
Afasie syndromen ......................................................................................................................................................... 124

Impulsgeleiding in het hart ....................................................................................................................................... 126
Hartspierweefsel/cardiomyocyten ............................................................................................................................... 127
Pacemakercellen/nodale cellen ................................................................................................................................... 129

Harttonen ................................................................................................................................................................. 130
ECG ............................................................................................................................................................................... 131

Hartstoornissen ........................................................................................................................................................ 133

Hartritmestoornissen ............................................................................................................................................... 133
Geleidingsblokkades..................................................................................................................................................... 135
Supraventriculaire hartritmestoornissen ..................................................................................................................... 136
Ventriculaire hartritmestoornissen .............................................................................................................................. 138
Myocardiale ziekte ....................................................................................................................................................... 139

Bewustzijn en technologie in de medische geschiedenis .......................................................................................... 141

Wzd en Wgbo ........................................................................................................................................................... 146

Leerdoelen ............................................................................................................................................................... 152




2

, Bouw en functie van een skeletspier
Algemene anatomische principes van spieren en bewegen
Soorten spieren:
• Skelet: dwarsgestreepte spiervezels (vrijwillige spier)
o Zijn aan het bot zijn bevestigd en zijn verantwoordelijk voor bewegingen van het skelet.

• Hart: dwarsgestreepte spiervezels
o Vormen de wanden van het hart en de proximale delen van de grote aderen waar ze het hart
binnenkomen.

• Glad: niet-gestreepte spiervezels (onwillekeurige spieren)
o Bekleden verschillende orgaansystemen (gastro-intestinaal, urogenitaal, respiratoir), hechten aan
haarzakjes en bekleden de wanden van de meeste bloedvaten




Het binden van een nieuw ATP-molecuul veroorzaakt het losraken van het myosinekopje van actine

T-tubulus = zorgen voor de snelle verspreiding van actiepotentialen over de binnenkant van de
spiervezel.

Langzame spiervezels (type I, rood spierweefsel)
- Kleine vezels
- Uitgebreider bloedvaten systeem
- Veel mitochondria

Snelle spiervezels (type II, wit spierweefsel) → door minder myoglobine
- Grote vezels
- Groot sacroplasmatisch reticulum
- Veel glycolystiche enzymen
- Minder uitgebreid bloedvatensysteem


3

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