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ácidos nucleicos
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Apuntes 2º Bachillerato tema 5:ácidos nucleicos
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T5 - LOS ÁCIDOS NUCLEICOS1. ÁCIDOS NUCLEICOS
Polímeros formados por nucleótidos. Son sustancias de carácter ácido y que se
descubrieron en el interior del núcleo.
● Un ácido fosfórico. Interviene en la unión de nucleótidos entre sí y es el
responsable del carácter ácido de los ácidos nucleicos.
● Una pentosa.
- Ácido ribonucleico, ARN. Ribosa
- Ácido desoxirribonucleico, ADN. 2-desoxirribosa.
● Una base nitrogenada. Moléculas de carácter básico que contienen nitrógeno.
- Púricas: Se parecen a la molécula de purina. Adenina, Guanina.
- Pirimidínicas: Similares a la pirimidina. Citosina, Timina (exclusiva ADN),
Uracilo (exclusiva ARN)
1.1. NUCLEÓSIDOS
Unión de una ribosa o desoxirribosa con una base nitrogenada mediante un enlace
N-glucosídico. Entre el carbono 1’ de la pentosa y el nitrógeno 1 de la base nitrogenada, si
esta es pirimidínica, o el nitrógeno 9 si es una base púrica.
, 1.2. NUCLEÓTIDOS
Unión de un nucleósido con un ácido fosfórico, mediante un enlace entre el grupo hidroxilo
del carbono 5’ de la pentosa y el propio ácido fosfórico, enlace fosfoéster. Fuerte carácter
ácido debido a que el grupo fosfato se ioniza.
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