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Notes Partial Exam Genetics
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Notes made from lectures given by Jan Kooter. Red lines signify importance or having a high chance of being on the exam.
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Cell division chapter 3Cell division:
-Asexual reproduction: Binary fission: bacteria dividing themselves
Septum: new cell wall between the parental cell and daughter cell
Protein FtsZ: a ring of protein to recruit other proteins to build the septum
-Growth: base for multicellularity
-Embryonic development: fertilized egg develops into an embryo
-Tissue repair: repair damaged cells
Cell cycle:
Time in cell cycle: 20 hours (mitoses very quick)
Interphase:
G1: growth phase -> G1 checkpoint
G0: stop
Restriction point: commited to cell devision
->S phase: synthesis phase (2 centrosomes, double chromosomes)
->G2 phase
Homologous chromosome: a pair of chromosomes (1 mom 1 dad)
Dyad: pair of Sister chromatids: replicated and original chromosome (original and copy)
Monad: single chromatid in a dyad
Cohesins: attaches sister chromatids together
Centromere: (1) point were kinetochore attaches, holds sister chromatids/ chromosome
together (middle)
Kinetochore: 2 proteins attached to centromere
Mitotic spindle apparatus/spindle apparatus/mitotic spindle: the things that pull
Microtubule-organizing center: a structure in a eukaryotic cell from which microtubules
grow. (centrosome)
Centrosome: 2 MTOC in the spindle apparatus
Centrioles: 2 in a centrosome
Mitoses:
Produces diploid cells (growth)
Prophase:
Microtubules forming spindle apparatus and nucleus disappears
Spindle microtubes:
-Astral: For positioning spindle apparatus, to the outside
-Polar: push poles away from each other, towards each other
-Kinetochore: Bind to the kinetochore
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