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Linguistics 1 phonetics and grammar. With this summary, I passed this test at once.
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  • Course
  • Linguistics 1
  • Institution
  • Hogeschool Rotterdam (HR)

All the information you need is in this summary. All phonetics and grammar are named and explained extensively with examples.

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Document information

  • November 30, 2021
  • 17
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

Subjects

  • phonetics
  • grammar

Written for

  • Hogeschool Rotterdam (HR)
  • Lerarenopleiding Engels
  • Linguistics 1
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Content preview

Linguistics phonetics
Learning vs acquiring
 Learning: a conscious process of accumulating knowledge
 Acquiring: the gradual development of ability in a language by using it
naturally
Linguistics is learning about the language

Phonetics
 Study of speech sounds in different languages
 System of symbols that represent those sounds
 Written language uses orthographic script (letters). Spoken language uses
phonemic script to indicate the standard of language

Phonemes
 A language is made up of an accepted ‘set’ of sound units called phonemes
which are combined into words
 A phoneme is the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language
 Different languages use different ‘sets’ of phonemes
Examples: Ph-o-n-e-m(e) 5 phonemes
b-o-n-d 4 phonemes
b-l-o-n-d 5 phonemes
b-l-o-n-d-i-sh 7 phonemes

The critical period
This is the period when the brain is most ready to receive input and learn language.

Cross linguistic reference
Negative transfer (interference) Positive Transfer
Dutch klaar  English: clear Dutch: werken  English: work

How are vowels and consonants different?
Vowel sounds Consonant sounds
 Are produced with no obstruction  Are produced with various types of
to the escape of air through the obstruction to the airflow (Except j and w!)
mouth  With or without vibration of the vocal
 ee/oo cords
 b/t




‘Schwa’

,  ə
 The most frequent sound in continuous speech
 Never carries stress

Interlanguage
 An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of second
language L2 which preserves some features of their first language L1
 A so called ‘in between system’
 Each learner’s ‘in between system’ is unique and changes constantly,
according to input

Difference between monophthongs and diphthongs
Monophthong Diphthong
 A single vowel sound  A glide from one vowel to another
 No tongue movement  Note how the tongue moves!
 There are twelve  There are eight




Lip shape
Lips spread = front vowels

, Fleece

tongue moves
from high to low
and jaw drops
Dress




Trap




Lips rounded = back vowels


Goose

tongue moves
from high to low
and jaw drops
Thought




Lot




Tongue position

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