Exam (elaborations)
PYC4802 November exam answer 2021 Psychopathology
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PYC4802 November exam answer 2021 Psychopathology PTSD, depression, co-dependency , child abuse
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63364980 GVieira PYC4802PYC4802
Exam
1 October 2021
G Vieira
Student 63364980
Index
Content Page number
Question 1 2-3
Question 2 4-5
Question 3 5-7
Question 4 7-8
1
, 63364980 GVieira PYC4802
Question 1
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs when a person has been exposed
traumatic events such as death, violence, or injury, this would include things such as:
• Seeing first-hand traumatic things happening to other people
• Hearing of a traumatic event happening to a family or friend
• Repeatedly being exposed to traumatic events
This trauma is then replayed in the persons mind by all the memories they have of the
event (such as nightmares). This makes them feel as though the trauma is happening
over and over again and lead to psychological distress. Thereafter the person will do
anything to avoid any reminders of the traumatic event after it has occurred, they will full
withdraw emotionally.
Negative changes (such as mood changes) are also noticed associated with the trauma
such as:
• They are unable to remember important things that happened in the traumatic
event
• Continuous negative beliefs about themselves and the world
• They also have inaccurate reasoning of the causes of the traumatic event
• The person will then tend to blame themselves or others
• Little to no interest in participating in activities and feeling detached from others
• Difficulty feeling positive
The person will also experience an extreme autonomic stimulation, things such as
inability to sleep, irritable, destructive behaviors and impulses and hypervigilance.
This occurs for more than a month and causes distress and damage in important areas
such as work or social events.
Difficulty diagnosing Post-traumatic stress disorder is often a problem as the symptoms
have changed across diagnostic terminology throughout years. The diagnosis is also
found to be challenging as there is a delayed onset with PTSD. Although some people
show symptoms immediately, some patients only show symptoms months after the
traumatic event. The time makes the diagnosis difficult as the patient needs to meet all
the criteria in order to be diagnosed with PTSD.
Anxiety disorders in communities have been rising drastically and has become a huge
cause of disability worldwide. South African has said to be the 6th highest in the ranking
of lifetime diagnoses. Not enough attention has been given to the impact of this on the
cultures and society. This is important as even if we have information about the anxiety
2
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