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  3. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
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  5. Bachelor In De Psychologie
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  7. Klinische Psychiatrie

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volledige samenvatting klinische psychiatrie

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  • Course
  • Klinische Psychiatrie
  • Institution
  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Dit is een samenvatting van Klinische psychiatrie in de opleiding psychologie aan de VUB. Is gemaakt aan de hand van de PowerPoints en notities gemaakt in les. Heb er zelf 16/20 mee gehaald in eerste zit.

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Document information

  • November 30, 2021
  • 134
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • klinische psychiatrie

Written for

  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
  • Bachelor In De Psychologie
  • Klinische Psychiatrie
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Aurélie Weverbergh 2BA PSY VUB 2020-2021



Klinische psychiatrie
Inhoud
1 Inleiding: Gebruik van DSM-5 ..................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.1 Psychopathologie .......................................................................................................... 11
1.1.2 Psychiatrisch stoornis ................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Classificatie .......................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.1 Classificatie: DSM/ICD ................................................................................................ 13
1.2.2 Voor- en nadelen : DSM ............................................................................................... 13
1.2.3 Geschiedenis DSM ....................................................................................................... 14
1.3 Diagnostiek........................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1 Verschil tussen classificatie en diagnostiek .................................................................. 15
1.4 Globale veranderingen DSM-5 ............................................................................................. 15
1.5 Opzet DSM-5 ....................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.1 Veranderingen Deel II .................................................................................................. 16
1.5.1.1 Classificatiecriteria ................................................................................................... 16
1.5.1.2 Classificatie categorieën ........................................................................................... 16
1.5.2 Deel III: aandoeningen die verder onderzoek behoeven ............................................... 17
1.6 DSM-5: stellingen ................................................................................................................ 17
1.7 Conclusie .............................................................................................................................. 17
2 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 Normaliteit en psychopathologie .......................................................................................... 18
2.1.1 Normaliteit.................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.2 Criteria normaliteit ....................................................................................................... 18
2.1.3 Probleem van de subjectiviteit ...................................................................................... 19
2.2 Epidemiologie ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.3 Algemene prevalentie ........................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Geschiedenis van de psychiatrie ........................................................................................... 21
2.5 Etiopathogenese.................................................................................................................... 23
2.6 Etiopathogenese: Fysiopathogenese ..................................................................................... 24
2.6.1 Genetica ........................................................................................................................ 24
2.6.1.1 Heritabiliteit .............................................................................................................. 25
2.6.1.2 Basisvragen genetisch onderzoek ............................................................................. 26
2.6.1.3 Gen-omgeving-gen ................................................................................................... 27
2.6.2 Neurotransmitters ......................................................................................................... 28
2.7 Etiopathogenese: psychopathogenese ................................................................................... 29

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,Aurélie Weverbergh 2BA PSY VUB 2020-2021


2.7.1 Psychologisch perspectief ............................................................................................. 29
2.7.2 Psychische functies ....................................................................................................... 29
2.7.2.1 Stoornis in het psychisch functioneren...................................................................... 30
2.7.3 Het psychiatrisch onderzoek ......................................................................................... 32
2.7.3.1 Anamnese (wat een patiënt zijn arts aan medische voorgeschiedenis kan vertellen.) 32
2.7.3.2 Onderzoek................................................................................................................. 32
2.7.3.3 Beeldvorming ........................................................................................................... 33
3 Neurocognitieve stoornissen......................................................................................................... 34
3.1 Algemeen ............................................................................................................................. 34
3.1.1 Vergrijzing van de bevolking in België ........................................................................ 34
3.1.2 Epidemiologie............................................................................................................... 34
3.1.3 Het geheugen ................................................................................................................ 34
3.1.3.1 Ouderdom ................................................................................................................. 35
3.2 Neuropsychologische testen: ................................................................................................ 35
3.2.1 MMSE: Mini–mental state examination ....................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Kloktest ........................................................................................................................ 38
3.3 Dementie .............................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.1 Epidemiologie............................................................................................................... 39
3.3.2 Klinische kenmerken .................................................................................................... 40
3.3.2.1 Oriëntatieproblemen ................................................................................................. 40
3.3.2.2 Geheugenstoornissen: inprenting .............................................................................. 40
3.3.2.3 geheugenstoornissen: recent geheugen ..................................................................... 40
3.3.2.4 Geheugenstoornissen: langer geheugen .................................................................... 41
3.3.2.5 Stoornis in abstract denken en het oordeelsvermogen ............................................... 41
3.3.2.6 Corticale functiestoornissen: Afasie ......................................................................... 41
3.3.2.7 Corticale functiestoornissen: Apraxie ....................................................................... 41
3.3.2.8 Corticale functiestoornissen: Agnosie ....................................................................... 41
3.3.2.9 Gedragsveranderingen .............................................................................................. 41
3.3.2.10 Bijkomende symptomen ....................................................................................... 42
3.4 Dementie: indeling ............................................................................................................... 42
3.4.1 Ziekte van Alzheimer ................................................................................................... 42
3.4.1.1 Dementie van het alzheimer-type (DAT) .................................................................. 42
3.4.1.2 DAT: Etiopathogenese .............................................................................................. 43
3.4.1.3 DAT: prognose ......................................................................................................... 43
3.4.1.4 DAT: MMSE ............................................................................................................ 43
3.4.2 Vasculaire dementie...................................................................................................... 43
3.4.3 Fronto-temporale dementie ........................................................................................... 44


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,Aurélie Weverbergh 2BA PSY VUB 2020-2021


3.4.4 Dementie met Lewy Bodies (DLB) .............................................................................. 44
3.4.5 Dementie & Parkinson .................................................................................................. 44
3.4.6 Dementie & de ziekte van Jacob Creutzfeldt ................................................................ 45
3.4.7 Dementie & AIDS ........................................................................................................ 45
3.5 Dementie: diagnostiek .......................................................................................................... 45
3.5.1 Dementie & Depressie .................................................................................................. 45
3.6 Dementie: behandeling ......................................................................................................... 46
3.6.1 Behandeling psychiatrische symptomen ....................................................................... 46
3.7 Delirium ............................................................................................................................... 46
3.7.1 Epidemiologie............................................................................................................... 46
3.7.2 DSM ............................................................................................................................. 47
3.7.3 Subtypes ....................................................................................................................... 47
3.7.4 Delirium-dementie-depressie ........................................................................................ 47
3.7.5 Oorzaken delier: I WATCH DEATH ........................................................................... 47
3.7.6 Behandeling .................................................................................................................. 48
3.8 Amnestische stoornissen ....................................................................................................... 48
4 Middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen .......................................................................... 49
4.1 Stoornissen in het gebruik .................................................................................................... 49
4.1.1 Misbruik van een middel .............................................................................................. 49
4.1.2 Middelenafhankelijkheid .............................................................................................. 49
4.2 Stoornissen door het gebruik ................................................................................................ 50
4.2.1 Intoxicatie door een middel .......................................................................................... 50
4.2.2 Onthouding van een middel .......................................................................................... 50
4.3 Psychoactieve stoffen ........................................................................................................... 50
4.3.1 Alcohol ......................................................................................................................... 51
4.3.1.1 Eenheid ..................................................................................................................... 51
4.3.1.2 Epidemiologie........................................................................................................... 52
4.3.1.3 Richtlijnen alcohol .................................................................................................... 52
4.3.1.4 Stoornissen door het gebruik .................................................................................... 53
4.3.2 Drugs ............................................................................................................................ 54
4.4 Diagnostiek........................................................................................................................... 54
4.5 Etiopathogenese.................................................................................................................... 55
4.6 Prognose ............................................................................................................................... 56
4.7 Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 56
4.7.1 Preventie ....................................................................................................................... 56
4.7.2 Algemeen...................................................................................................................... 56
5 Schizofrenie en andere psychotische stoornissen ......................................................................... 58


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, Aurélie Weverbergh 2BA PSY VUB 2020-2021


5.1 Psychotische stoornissen ...................................................................................................... 58
5.2 Schizofrenie .......................................................................................................................... 58
5.2.1 Klinische criteria........................................................................................................... 58
5.2.2 Kenmerken ................................................................................................................... 58
5.2.2.1 Denkstoornissen........................................................................................................ 59
5.2.2.2 Waarnemingsstoornissen .......................................................................................... 60
5.2.2.3 Ernstig chaotisch of katatoon gedrag ........................................................................ 60
5.2.2.4 Negatieve symptomen............................................................................................... 61
5.2.3 Comorbiditeit ................................................................................................................ 61
5.2.4 Differentiële diagnostiek............................................................................................... 61
5.2.5 Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................... 62
5.2.6 Epidemiologie............................................................................................................... 62
5.2.7 Etiopathogenese ............................................................................................................ 62
5.2.7.1 stresskwetsbaarheidsmodel ....................................................................................... 62
5.2.7.2 Prodromen: de eerste verschijnselen ......................................................................... 63
5.2.7.3 De psychose .............................................................................................................. 64
5.2.7.4 Genetische factoren .................................................................................................. 64
5.2.7.5 Neurobiologische afwijkingen .................................................................................. 65
5.2.7.6 Stresskwetsbaarheidsmodel ...................................................................................... 65
5.2.8 Preventie ....................................................................................................................... 65
5.2.9 Behandeling .................................................................................................................. 66
5.2.9.1 Medicatie .................................................................................................................. 66
5.2.9.2 Psychosociale interventies ........................................................................................ 67
5.2.10 Beloop in 4 fasen .......................................................................................................... 68
5.3 Schizofreniforme stoornis ..................................................................................................... 69
5.3.1 Klinische criteria........................................................................................................... 69
5.4 Schizo-affectieve stoornis ..................................................................................................... 69
5.4.1 Klinische criteria........................................................................................................... 69
5.5 Waanstoornis ........................................................................................................................ 69
5.5.1 Klinische criteria........................................................................................................... 69
5.5.2 Varianten ...................................................................................................................... 69
5.6 Kortdurende psychotische stoornis ....................................................................................... 69
5.7 Gedeelde psychotische stoornis ............................................................................................ 70
6 Stemmingsstoornissen .................................................................................................................. 71
6.1 Definities episodes................................................................................................................ 71
6.1.1 Symptoomcriteria (5 of meer) depressieve episode ...................................................... 71
6.1.2 Symptoomcriteria manische episode............................................................................. 71


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