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Samenvatting Gezin en Samenleving
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Gezin en SamenlevingSamenvatting
Sonja de Jong
UPvA, 2014
, Cultuur, socialisatie - opvoeding
Socialisatie: “process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and
character traits that enable them to participate as effective member of groups
and society”
Producten van socialisatie:
Taal
Cultuur
Begrijpen van anderen
“Wie ben ik”
→ “Social capital”
Social Capital
“… considers the relations among people, institutions, and organisations of the
community outside the immediate family structure; it involves both the flow of
information and the sharing of norms and values that serve to facilitate or
constrain the actions of people who interact in de community’s structures (e.g.,
schools, places of worship, or business enterprises)”
Socialisatie process, bewust zowel onbewust
Primaire socialisatie = onbewust
Secundaire socialisatie = bewust
Bronnen van (participantiële) socialisatie:
Geloof
Media
Vriendenkring
Familie
School
Leraar
Medeleerlingen
Bonding capital versus bridging capital
Bonding capital: relaties die mensen hebben in homogene groepen. Een
bonding proces versterkt de waarden en normen van de groep. (discussie
over gezondheid hiervan)
Bridging capital: relaties tussen heterogene groepen. Verschillen in
waarden en normen. Zwak fundament
Met welk doel zit je bij elkaar?
→ Niet zwart-wit, afhankelijk van argumenten
v.b. tentamenvraag: Waar is het meeste sprake van diversiteit, bonding of
bridging?
, Wat is een gezin?
Engels: family
Wat is een gezin?
Exclusionists:
Huwelijk tussen man en vrouw
“blood related” kinderen
Uitzondering als mensen in andere omstandigheden leven buiten
hun eigen wil/schuld om:
Bij scheiding (maar wel kinderen aanwezig)
Weduwe/weduwnaar met kinderen
Afkeurend tegenover homo en lesbische samenwonende stellen
Moderates:
1. Kinderen
2. Huwelijk (≠ noodzakelijk, maar een huwelijk zonder kinderen telt
ook als gezin)
3. Twijfel over same-sex couples
Inclusionists: voelt het als familie?
1. Kwaliteit van de relatie: “How people within a given living
arrangement feel about, treat, and interact with each other
determines family status.”
,
, Genetic ties: related or not?
Parenting: What really counts?
Hoofdstuk 3, blz 24-44
In dit hoofdstuk worden adoptie, donor inseminatie, ei donatie, surrogaten en
stief families besproken. Wat zijn de consequenties van niet bloed gerelateerde
familiebanden?
Conclusion:
Studies of adoption and step-parenting have shown that the lack of genetic
relatedness between a child and one or both parents is associated with
behavioural problems in the child. But not all children in adoptive or stepfamilies
experience problems. This depends on factors including their age, as well as the
age at which transition to their new family took place, and also on how parents
handle the new family situation. So it seems that it is not the absence of a
genetic relationship, in itself, that is problematic.
Children born through egg and/or sperm donation do not experience the loss of
an existing parent; nor do they need to negotiate relationships with new family
members. Research on children conceived by gamete donation shows not only
that these children are functioning well, but also that they have more involved
parents than children who have been naturally conceived. This tells us that a
genetic link appears to be less important for positive family functioning than a
strong commitment to parenthood.
Opvoeding in adoptiegezinnen
Gezinnen in soorten, blz 154-168
Grote moraal van het verhaal: positieve factoren in huidige omgeving doen er
toe, negatieve factoren in het verleden hoeven dus niet een definitief probleem
op te leveren.
→ Gehechtheid!
, Adoption and searching for origins
Rotterdam Longitudinal adoption study
Participants
All children legally adopted by Dutch non-relatives and born outside the
Netherlands between 1972 and 1975
Children were aged 10-15 years at the start of the study
Follow-ups in adolescence (14-18), young adulthood (24-30) and adulthood
(35-39)
Sample characteristics (N=2148)
51% girls
Mean age: 12,4 year
Main countries of origin: South Korea (32%) and Colombia (15%)
Age at placement ranged from a few days to 10 years old (50% <25
months)
,How many adoptees are searching?
Approximately 43-49% of the adopted adolescents had a desire to
search.
In young adulthood 32% was searching or had searched. Another 32%
did nog search but was interested in searching.
Information seeking in adolescence was associated with information
seeking in emerging adulthood.
Females were more interested in their birth relatives, but the desire to
contact birth relatives was not related to sex.
, Why are they searching?
Curiosity
Information gap
Intensity of desire
Dynamic process
Motives for searching
Reasons their birth parents places them for adoption
Unknown siblings
Physical appearance birth parents
How birth parent were doing
Personality of birth parents
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