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Summary PBC Topic 6

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  • December 3, 2021
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  • 2021/2022
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Topic 6 – Emotions

[Lecture notes]

Emotions and Influence

Emotions: affective states that involve a pattern of cognitive, physiological, and behavioural
reactions.
- Closely linked to motivation
- Different distinctions:
o Basic emotions (fear, anger, disgust, sadness, happiness, and …)
o Self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, pride, and embarrassment)
o Regret




The choice/action influences emotion and this emotional reaction influences future
behaviour. Before this, anticipated emotions play a role in choosing the first choice/action.

Anticipated regret
- Regret: motivates behavioural switching
o Reactance results in more anticipated regret than compliance
o Actual regret is higher for compliance
o Regret for action is higher, however, regret for inaction gets higher overtime
(window of opportunity closes)
o Regret is more effective than other emotions

Other anticipated emotions
- Fear: only works if self-efficacy is high, and the fear is not too extreme (more
resources into regulation than into message processing).
- Guilt: motivates restoration for things they find important. May signal low self-
efficacy.
- Pride: motivates sustained goal pursuit. May signal ‘I’m almost there’ and therefor
people may stop striving to reach the goal.
o Pride works better than guilt for environmentally friendly behaviours

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