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Summary Gilded Age and Reconstruction
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Cambridge as and a level 9489 history notes A summary of the gilded age and progressive era
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, Gilded age & progressive era 1870s -1920s
Introduction
•
The period between 1870 and 1920 was a remarkable one
•
The country recovered
rapidly from a devastating civil war in the 1860s } expanded + developed economically .
•
By the 19th
century the US was the world 's greatest economic
power and was
producing more than
,
other industrial nations (such as Germany
: and Britain)
•
Capitalism was stronger then ever before
•
However , mass urbanisation resulted in terrible living working conditions
+ for millions of ppl .
•
There were debates whether men and their bvis nesses should be free from government regulation
and allowed to make their millions without the consequences for others
thinking about
•
A reform campaign ,
known as the Progressive Movement was born
•
It
challenged this unregulated capitalism and demand many changes in society government
,
and the
economy .
•
This was a period of great social + economic change
There also major political and constitutional
was
changes
•
The civil war showed that unless it was persuaded to act in an
emergency by the president Congress did
•
,
very little .
•
In the period after the Civil War the US
struggled to adapt to demands of a modern industrial
economy .
•
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-09) + Woodrow Wilson (1913-211) rose to the challenges of the time
and provided remarkable solutions to many of the problems which rapid industrialisation produced .
, Why was the late lath century an age of rapid industrialization?
Factors that led to economic development
1. effects of the Civil War
to feed
2.
rapid population growth + the availability of food a growing population
3 . the availability of land (for factories , housing transport
,
and food production
4. expanding transport system
5. access to raw materials
G. supportive federal and state legislatures { absence of regulation
7.
technological and buisness innovation
8.
availability of capital ,
a developed banking system and a good supply of
money
9. unrestricted growth of large buis nesses
to .
protective tarr ifs } growing export markets
ii. social attitudes were sympathetic to capitalism { commercial and industrial growth
i. Impact of the Civil War
•
in
spite of the death and destruction it brings ,
conflict can often provide a
great motivation to an
economy .
•
The US Civil War encouraged economic growth in a
variety of ways .
•
The victorious North created a
very large army
That army needed guns ammunition and transportation scale unknown in the US before
clothing on a
•
.
,
,
• The
economy had to adapt to this sudden increase in demand by produce the vast amount of
goods required .
•
Goods were produced in
large quantities .
•
Mass production could deliver the materials that large armies needed and new methods of distribution
were
produced in large quantities .
The government had to raise money to for the war
pay
• .
This led to a sophisticated capital raising system centred on Wall Street in New York
-
•
' '
•
It also developed a new paper currency known as the US Note or
greenback .
, The
country 's banking system had to evolve to cope with the increasing amount of
money in
•
circulation by the government's growing need to borrow money .
The vital in that industrial expansion could be financed
•
banking system was
ensuring .
Tarr ifs were raised this to gain income for the government but also to
partly protect
•
•
was
,
American goods ( such as
railway engines + wheat ) from cheaper imports
•
The civil war was the start of a
great expansion of
industry in the US .
A lot of made lot of out of the by adapting and innovating in response
men a
money war
•
to the demands of war .
2. Population growth
The large growth in population of the us in this period was v. important for industrial
•
expansion .
• This population provided the workforce needed for industrial expansion .
.
It also meant there was an
agricultural workforce which could feed the growing population .
•
These people then became the consumers for the products that were produced
Mhhg✓Twofactih
☐ growth of existing population
remarkable pop growth
.
• immigration
Existingpopvlationmmmm
the decline in death rate
•
The principal reason why the
existing population grew so
rapidly was
Iespecially among young children )
•
Improved living standards led to a substantial reduction in the death rate of children under five
•
The infant mortality rate was
approximately 181 per 1000 births in 1860
*
this dropped to
151
by 1890
and
*
96 by 1910
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