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Governors of El Salvador
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This document has the history that precedes the rulers that El Salvador has had throughout the years.
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Translated from Spanish to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.comPresident of the Republic of El Salvador:
Provisional President:
May 1, 1876 to February 1, 1880
President of the Republic:
February 1, 1880 to April 6, 1884
President of the Republic:
August 21, 1884 to May 14, 1885
(SALVADOREÑO)
Doctor Rafarl Zaldívar was born in San Alejo, Department of the Union and died in Paris on March 2, 1903 and
his remains were brought and buried in the San Salvador cemetery. They were his parents: Don Apolonio
Zaldívar and Doña Antonio Lazo.
The doctor. Zaldívar married on August 25, 1858, with Sara Guerra from Potosí, Nicaragua, who was
born on October 29, 1840 and died in San Salvador on September 15, 1911.
He was Professor of Medicine and Vice-Rector of the University of El Salvador. Diplomat in Prussia as
Minister Plenipotentiary in 1869, in 1870 he held the Ministries of Public Instruction and War while
presiding over the National Assembly.
In January 1866 he was appointed Vice-Rector of the National University and professor of the Faculty of
Medicine. His social, scientific and political influence was felt and his home was soon the center of social life.
He practices his profession with disinterest.
In 1867 he was appointed member of the Council of Public Instruction, in the year 1868, he was appointed
Protomedic of the Nation, Minister Plenipotentiary near the court of Prussia, in 1869 and Minister of State
in the Offices of Public Instruction and War in 1870; also in 1870 and 1871 he exercised the high functions
of President of the Legislative Power.
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,When President Dueñas was overthrown in 1871, Dr. Zaldivar had to emigrate from the country, settling in
San José in Costa Rica, where he practiced his career as a doctor and established a pharmacy.
On May 1, 1876, Dr. Rafael Zaldivar received the Supreme Command as Provisional President. He was named
provisional President of El Salvador in 1876 after the war with Guatemala that led to the fall of Andrés del
Valle, and was definitively elected shortly after (in May). During his government, he promulgated the laws for
the extinction of ejidos and communal lands (1881-1882) that implied the expropriation of the lands of the
indigenous communities. He made trips to the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom and France.
Together with Guatemala and Honduras, the creation of a Central American Republic was proposed; However, when
in February 1885 the Guatemalan President Justo Rufino Barrios proclaimed the reestablishment of the regional
union by force and declared himself the military chief of Central America, there were very adverse reactions in El
Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The Salvadoran government announced its opposition to Barrios' claims and a
defensive alliance was established between El Salvador, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, which obtained the support of
Mexico.
To put his plans into practice, Barrios invaded El Salvador in March 1885, while troops from Costa
Rica and Nicaragua prepared to confront those from Honduras. However, the Intentona de Barrios
ended abruptly, as the Guatemalan President died at the Battle of Chalchuapa, shortly after his
troops invaded El Salvador. However, shortly after Rafael Zaldívar was deposed and had to leave the
country and go into exile in France.
President of El Salvador:
TOMAS GIVEN AWAY.
November 14, 1898 - March 1,
1903
Preceded by:
Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez.
Succeeded by:
Pedro José Escalón.
The General Tomás Regalado (Santa Ana, El Salvador, November 7, 1861 - Guatemala, July 11, 1906) was a
Salvadoran military and politician who was president of his country (1898-1903).
Regalado was one of the conspirators who on April 29, 1894 participated in the overthrow of the
government of Carlos Ezeta, within the movement called "Los 44". On November 14, 1898, General
Regalado overthrew President Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez, who considered Regalado his best
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,friend, and assumed the presidency of the Republic. In 1899 he was elected, constitutional president for a
period of four years, Gutiérrez never forgave him.
At the beginning of his government, he decreed amnesty for all political emigrants. During his presidency the
Military Polytechnic School was established, the construction of the National Theater of Santa Ana began, the
construction of railways was promoted and the Mounted Rural Police, antecedent of the National Guard, was
created.
According to historian Thomas Anderson in his 1972 book "Matanza," Regalado started a system for
appointing presidents; starting with Pedro José Escalón until reaching Pio Romero Bosque who in
1930 allowed the first free presidential election with which Eng. Arturo Araujo won the presidency of
the republic.
At the end of his mandate, General Regalado was appointed, Minister of War, by his successor Pedro José
Escalón. In 1906 when the war between El Salvador and Guatemala broke out, he was appointed commander of
the Salvadoran troops that invaded Guatemalan territory. During a fight in the place called "El Entresijo",
Regalado entered the battle in a drunken state since Gutiérrez could never be forgiven for betraying Gutiérrez
and more than this he never forgave him and in the battle Regalado was seriously wounded and died, on the
11th. June 1906.
Economic Organization:
➢ It reduced the national debt.
➢ Helped agricultural trade to develop.Political
organization:
➢ It put an end to invasion threats from exiled politicians.
➢ He opposed President Manuel Estrada Cabrera of Guatemala, leading a military campaign against
him in 1899 and helping Guatemalan exiles.
➢ In 1906 he convinced Guatemalan exiles to organize a military campaign against Manuel
Estrada, from Salvadoran territory.
Social organization:
➢ I develop the railroad and maritime communications.
➢ He restored national peace.
Administrative organization.
➢ During his government he established institutions and the construction of a theater. He administered in a very
responsible and serious way the country helped him a lot in different fields, he was also part of an overthrow
and the country according to its history did not have economic downturns or rises.
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, President fromThe savior:
PEDRO J. ESCALON
March 1, 1903 - March 1, 1907
Preceded by:
Tomás Regalado.
Succeeded by:
Fernando Figueroa.
Pedro Jose Escalon, (Santa Ana, El Salvador, March 25, 1847 - id. September 6, 1923) was a
Salvadoran politician, President of the Republic (1903-1907).
Escalón belonged to a family of large coffee landowners in the department of Santa Ana. During
his presidency, he had to face a war against Guatemala. The war began on June 9, 1906 when
Guatemalan territory was invaded by Salvadoran forces under the command of General Tomás
Regalado. During the days between June 11 and 17, intense fighting took place, in one of which
General Regalado died on the morning of June 11. Salvadoran troops fell back toward El
Salvador. Subsequently, the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce was signed between
Guatemala and El Salvador in October 1906.
During his government the School of Commerce and Finance was created attached to the Central National
Institute in December 1906 and the construction of the National Palace and the National Theater of San
Salvador began, in addition to considerably increasing the telegraphic and telephone service by adding several
hundred miles of new telephone and telegraphic lines, as well as the construction of telegraphic stations, as well
as the personnel necessary for their operation and maintenance, and to introduce the electric lighting service in
the capital, San Salvador. At the end of his term, in 1907, he moved away from politics and lived in retirement on
his rural properties, until the moment of his death.
Economic Organization:
➢ He signed the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce between Guatemala and El Salvador, in October 1906.
➢ He founded the School of Commerce and
Finance.Political organization:
➢ He fought a war against Guatemala that began on June 9, 1906.
➢ He signed the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce between Guatemala and El Salvador, in October
1906. (This aspect is economic and political, by its very nature).
Social organization:
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