Puberty is a development stage that prepares the body for sexual reproduction. It is triggered by hormone action which controls sexual develop
a time of rapid change and development and is experienced by both boys and girls. In girls, puberty mostly begins between 11 and 13 years of
although it can begin earlier. However, in boys generally it start later, often between 13 and 15 years of age.
There are two characteristics; primary sexual characteristics and secondary sexual characteristics. Primary sexual characteristics are related to
reproductive organ changes and development (e.g. the penis and testes in males and the vagina and ovaries in females) while secondary char
are external signs of a child's growth into a boy or a girl (e.g. breasts in females and enlargement of the penis in males).
Sex hormones are responsible for the changes that occur in puberty. It can prove to be an emotionally stressful time for young people, as level
hormones that rise or fall also trigger mood swings. The main female hormones are oestrogen and progesterone. The ovaries begin to produce
oestrogen and progesterone which include changes like ovulation and menstruation. For young women, the first cycle is an important, significa
as it signals the start of fertilities. The main male hormone is testosterone. The tests begin producing testosterone which stimulates the develop
sperm, indicating the onset of fertility. Testosterone is also responsible for improving secondary sexual qualities, such as a deeper pitch and vo
Early Adulthood
The perimenopause begins near the end of early adulthood. The ovaries start to make less oestrogen which results in a reduction of egg produ
Perimenopause lasts until menopause, when the ovaries stop producing eggs, which is the point. On average perimenopause lasts four years.
however, range from a few months to as long as 10 years. The reduction in oestrogen causes physical and emotional symptoms. Women in
perimenopause generally experience some of these symptoms: hot flushes and night sweats, breast tenderness, loss of libido (lower sex drive
irregular or very heavy periods, vaginal dryness, discomfort during sex, mood swings, trouble sleeping, urine leakage when coughing or sneezi
urgency (an urgent need to urinate more frequently).
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