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Chemie samenvatting HO14 - evenwichten zuren en basen $3.25   Add to cart

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Chemie samenvatting HO14 - evenwichten zuren en basen

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Chemie samenvatting HO14 over evenwichten tussen zuren en basen

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  • December 7, 2021
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  • 2020/2021
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Samenvatting Chemie HO14
Evenwichten zuren en basen
Zuur: molecuul dat een H+ kan afstaan
Base: molecuul dat H+ kan opnemen

Zuur-base evenwicht
HA(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O(aq) + A-(aq)
Zuur Base Zuur Base

NH3(aq) + H2O(l)  OH-(aq) + NH4+(aq)
Base Zuur Base Zuur

Sterk zuur: zal zich helemaal dissociëren, zal volledig worden omgezet in H3O+.
Zwak zuur: zal deels worden omgezet in H3O+.
Heel zwak zuur: zal nauwelijks worden omgezet in H3O+.

Sterk zuur + sterke base  zwak zuur + zwakke base. Reactie zal naar rechts lopen.

Van een sterk zuur zal de geconjugeerde base zwak zijn.
Van een zwakke base zal het geconjugeerde zuur sterk zijn.

Hydronium ionen (H3O+)
- Protonen zijn zeer reactief
o Binden zich aan de O van water
o Worden door 1 of meer watermoleculen gehydrateerd
+
[H(H2O)n] n=1 H3O+
n=2 H5O2+
n=3 H7O3+

Het water evenwicht
Dissociatie van water: 2H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + OH-
H2O + H2O  H3O+ + OH-
Zuur base zuur base

Water evenwichtsconstante
Kw (25C) = altijd 1,0 * 10-7 M
Kw (H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)) = 1,0 * 10-14 M

In een zuur milieu is er meer H3O+ dan OH-. H3O+ > 1,0 * 10-7
In een neutraal milieu is er evenveel H3O+ als OH-. H3O+ & OH- = 1,0 * 10-7
In een basisch milieu is er meer OH- dan H3O+. OH- > 1,0 * 10-7

Rekenen aan pH
pH = -log[H3O+]
[H3O+] = 10-pH

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