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Summary All Lecture Notes - Lifestyle, Work and Health in the EU (EPH2022) $11.15
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Summary All Lecture Notes - Lifestyle, Work and Health in the EU (EPH2022)
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  • Module
  • Lifestyle, Work and Health in the EU (EPH2022)
  • Institution
  • Maastricht University (UM)

Notes from all 7 lectures of this *new* course (Nov – Dec 2021) ** Cleanly organised & easy to follow! ** Topics included: Lifestyle and Work Among People with a Lower Socioeconomic Position, Lifestyle, Environment and the EU, Changing Health Behaviours, Occupational Health: Risk Assessment and R...

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Document information

  • December 8, 2021
  • 54
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • work
  • health
  • lifestyle
  • workplace
  • socioeconomic position
  • behaviour
  • psychology
  • occupation
  • occupational health
  • interventions
  • policy
  • law
  • discourses
  • alcohol
  • smoking
  • diet
  • physical exercise

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  • Maastricht University (UM)
  • European Public Health
  • Lifestyle, Work and Health in the EU (EPH2022)
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Lecture 1: Course Introduction (Dr. Ree Meertens & Dr. Dennis de
Ruijter)
Socio-ecological model




Note: Those written in green are the primary focuses of this course
 An example in the above model: work characteristics (such as a very stressful job)
may lead to alcohol abuse, as indicated by arrow #2, which in turn impacts the
health of the individual, as indicated by arrow #3
Overview of cases
 Case 1: Introductory case that gives an overview of most of the topics that are
addressed in this course
 Case 2, 3 & 4: Lifestyle, differences in lifestyle between EU countries, (determinants
of) the health behaviour of the individual, and how to design interventions to change
it
 Case 5 & 6: Occupational health risks, and occupational health interventions

,  Case 8 & 9: EU regulations that relate to work and lifestyle
 Case 10: similar to case 1, this case combines the issues that were dealt with in the
course
 Case 7 & 11: wrap us cases
Example of work intervention types
 Elimination or substitution of the hazardous substance
o How do you choose between elimination and substitution?
 Redesign of the work station or process
 Education of workers
 Use of personal protective equipment
 Planning for emergency responses

, Lecture 2: Lifestyle and Work Among People with a Lower
Socioeconomic Position (Dr. Gera Nagelhout)
Health inequalities
 Socioeconomic position: the social standing or social class of an individual or group,
often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation
 Lower socioeconomic position is associated with higher levels of obesity, tobacco
use, chronic diseases, depression, social problems, chronic stress and shorter lives
 Health inequalities within countries:
o Within Netherlands, lower educated people die six years earlier than higher
educated people




 There is a vicious cycle with socioeconomic inequalities
o Lower SES increases risks of many diseases, which in turn make it harder to
improve one’s SES as it’s more difficult to attain education or work
 People with low income are often focused on improving their financial position
meaning they do not have time or mental resources to improve other aspects of
their lives (‘scarcity theory’)
 In the ‘health-poverty trap’ those who both seek healthcare and do not seek
healthcare end up with less disposable income and can’t escape the loop of
insufficient resources (see flow chart below)

, Work inequalities
 Material & structural factors (living/housing conditions, working characteristics,
financial problems, relative income) are most important because they have a direct
impact on SES but are also the largest influence on behavioural factors (Moor et al.,
2017)
o However, this study had the limitation of few studies reviewed, heterogenous
results (different results in each study) and focused on the general population
and not work factors separately
 Dieker et al. (2019) reviewed physical work factors (heavy lifting, noise exposures,
safety risks) and psychosocial work factors (work pressure, job insecurity) and found
this explained approx. 1/3 of the socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health
o Lifestyle factors explained 1/5 of the relation between SEP and self-rated
health
o Also had heterogenous results in the studies reviewed and most studies were
cross-sectional (21 out of 27)
 Mediation & Moderation effects:
o Mediation: Work characteristics influence SEP which influences Health
o Moderation: Work characteristics influence the relationship between SEP and
Health (the strength, direction, or presence)




o The inverse is also possible, where SEP influences work characteristics that
influence health
 Job strain: people with lower SEP have more job strain (high job demand, low
control) than higher SEP
o Job strain was associated with unhealthy lifestyle and it’s absence was
associated with healthier lifestyles
o However, lack of evidence for causality

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