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Notes of all lectures Nutrition Physiology
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Notes of all lectures Nutrition Physiology
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Summary of lectures of Animal Nutrition and Physiology + practice exam questions
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Follownathaliegorter
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Content preview
LecturesWeek 1 2
NP01 Mass flow of nutritions 2
NP02 Anticipation to a meal 10
NP03 Intestinal phases 23
NP03a Bariatric surgery/Ghrelin 40
Practicum 3 Protein Error! Bookmark not defined.
Exam questions 2008 GI-tract Error! Bookmark not defined.
Week 2 51
NP04 Nutritional Energy and role of ATP 51
NP05 ATP yield 65
NP06 carbohydrates 83
NP07 Carbohydrates metabolism 2 102
Week 3 109
NP08 Gluconeogenesis, PPP 109
NP09 Amino acid catabolism 118
NP10 Fat and Fatty acid metabolism 130
NP10a Monosaccharide catabolism, other that glucose 144
NP11 Efficiency of fat synthesis 158
Week 4 168
NP11 Energy efficiency of metabolic conversions (heat as by product) 168
NP12 Heat balance (Tb=constant) 180
NP14 Heat diagram 188
Week 5 199
NP15 Assignment Thermoregulation 199
NP16 Protein metabolism introduction 209
NP17 Protein turnover and adaptation 222
NP18 Metabolic aspects of stress in protein and energy metabolism 231
Week 6 240
NP19 Molecular and physiological regulation 240
NP20 Mitochondria aspects and assignments protein metabolism 256
Results and theory practical Error! Bookmark not defined.
Course learning goals:
- Describe and explain general digestive function and main metabolic pathways (=you
will know for the macronutrients you ingest how these will lead to ATP and how much
ATP).
- Predict setting of metabolism based on nutritional input (EI) and physiological output
(EE).
, - Estimate changes in energetic efficiencies in relation to changing conditions (how
factors can affect metabolism).
- Judge physiological conditions in terms of constraints for homeostatic control.
Week 1
NP01 Mass flow of nutrients
Human digestive system:
Once you swallow you have hardly any influence on the fate of the food/drink, it’s all
regulated inside the body:
- digestion and absorption
- storage
- utilisation
Body will determine when storage goes up or down and vice versa with utilisation.
Enzymes make us able to digest (protein).
, - To hydrolyse without enzymes: 10-12 hour, 12 mol/L, 105C -> random peptide bonds
- To hydrolyse with enzymes: 1-2 hours at 37C -> specific bonds by specific enzymes
Why does the digestive system not digest itself?
- activity restricted to presence of food
- regulation (local, dstal, proximal)
- enzymes stored as inactive proenzymes (zymogens)
- non-digestible mucus coats the wall
- high replacement rate (turnover) of mucosal cells
-> All have an influence on metabolic settings.
Settings of metabolism:
- Digestion to and absorption of monomers
- Intermediary metabolism;
- Interconversions of absorbed monomers
- Anabolic reactions (e.g. protein metabolism): Synthesis/making of body
constituents/stores
- Catabolic reactions (energy/ATP/heat): Release of energy from food or body
constituents/stores
- Un avoidable waste products
- Time scale of events (PP vs. PA)
- Physiological adaptation
Intermediary cellular metabolism:
, Meal feeding - Metabolic changes:
- Post prandial phase (digestion-absorption-storage):
= input > needs → anabolic or catabolic disposal (storage, interconversion,
oxidation)
- Post absorptive phase (utilisation):
= input < needs → mobilisation (turnover, interconversion, oxidation)
Thermogenic effects of a meal (meaning that there is diet-induced thermogenesis = DIT):
- Postprandial metabolism (PPM) increases heat production (5-20% ingested ME =
metabolised energy)
- Effects depends on ingested nutrients: protein > CHO > fat
- Ingested ME is not corrected for energetic cost of PPM
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