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Samenvatting levensmiddelenchemie

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Samenvatting van 14 pagina's voor het vak Levensmiddelenchemie aan de HAN

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  • April 1, 2015
  • 14
  • 2011/2012
  • Summary

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Samenvatting
Levensmiddelenchemie
Inhoud
Eiwitten..................................................................................................................
Aminozuren.........................................................................................................
Eigenschappen van aminozuren.........................................................................
Dipeptiden en oligopeptiden...............................................................................
Eiwitten...............................................................................................................
Samenstelling en structuur van eiwitten..........................................................
Eigenschappen en reacties van eiwitten..........................................................
Eiwitten in levensmiddelen..............................................................................
Oliën en vetten.......................................................................................................
Triglyceriden........................................................................................................
Vetzuren..............................................................................................................
Fosfolipiden.........................................................................................................
Sterolen...............................................................................................................
Enkele eigenschappen van oliën en vetten.........................................................
Enkele reacties van oliën en vetten....................................................................
Hydrolyse van oliën en vetten..........................................................................
Oxidatie............................................................................................................
Polymerisatie...................................................................................................
Analyse van vetten.............................................................................................
Totaalgehalte aan vetten.................................................................................
Het vetzuurpatroon..........................................................................................
Kengetallen......................................................................................................
Koolhydraten..........................................................................................................
Monosachariden..................................................................................................
Naamgeving en structuur................................................................................
Ringstructuren (cyclische structuren)..............................................................
Eigenschappen en reacties van enkele monosachariden.................................
Galactose.........................................................................................................
Disachariden.......................................................................................................
Eigenschappen en reacties van enkele disachariden.....................................

Pagina 1 van 14

, Oligo- en polysachariden...................................................................................
Olidosachariden.............................................................................................
Polysachariden(=glycanen)............................................................................
eigenschappen en reacties van enkele polysachariden.................................
Water in voedingsmiddelen..................................................................................
Wateractiviteit (aw)............................................................................................
Vochtgehalte en de stabiliteit van voedingsmiddelen....................................
Meting van de aw waarde................................................................................
Meting van het vochtgehalte met behulp van indirecte methoden................


Propedeuse
Eiwitten
Eiwitten worden ook wel proteïnen genoemd. Eiwitten zijn opgebouwd uit
aminozuren.
De relatief korte ketens van aminozuren=oligopeptiden

Aminozuren
Aminozuren bevatten een aminogroep (-NH2) en een zure groep (-COOH). Het
aminozuur met de eenvoudigste structuur is glycine.




Triviale naam Glycine Lysine
Symbool GLY LY
Systematische naam Aminoethaanzuur 2,6-diaminohexaanzuur

Lysine bevat een asymetisch C-atoom en is daardoor optisch actief. Van lysine
bestaan dus twee stereo-isomeren, een L- en D-vorm. De in ons lichaam
voorkomende aminozuren zijn de L-vormen. Het kan wel een groot verschil
maken in eigenschappen zo smaakt het aminozuur L-tryptofaan bitter en D-
tryptofaan zoet.

Gemeenschappelijk deel aminozuren:




In proline is de aminogroep in een ring ingebouwd, zodat met hier van een
iminogroep spreekt:


Pagina 2 van 14

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