Class notes
Innovation systems notes
- Course
- Institution
Lecture notes of 38 pages for the course Innovation Systems at UU (IS notes)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ehouwy
Content preview
Lecture 1 introductionInnovation does not take place in isolation, but is a collective act & influenced by many factors
Three components of a system:
• Shared function or goal
• Comprised of components and interactions
• Has observable boundaries
Demand en supply side met daartussen een tussenliggende infrastructuur.
Lecture 2 systemic structure
Developments leading to (N)IS
Linear model:
• Technology push: no demand
• Promising technology and marketing help overcome all obstacles
• Linear process: ‘steps follow up smoothly’ – true?
• ‘linear model’-based policy unsuccessful: considered no feedback loops
Shortcoming led to:
The chain link model of innovation
• Invention and innovation are demand driven
• Innovation is a learning process involving multiple inputs
• Steps less linear but with feedback loops, many actors involved
1987 > (national) innovation systems are emerging because of the obsolescence (achterhaaldheid) of
other systems
,Why develop NIS?
• Developed to foster EU competitiveness:
o 80s-90s: international trends threaten competitiveness
• Innovation important for economic growth
3 characteristics of IS
1. System shares a goal/main function
o Overall goal of IS: To develop, diffuse & use innovation
2. Two constituents: components and interactions
o (The same for any type of IS)
o Structural components
▪ Organizations (players, actors): formal structures that are consciously created
and have an explicit purpose
• Suppliers, producers, distributors, banks, venture capitalists,
educational bodies, governments, NGOs, etc.
• National differences: public R&D (US) vs. corporate R&D (JPN)
▪ Infrastructure / materiality / technology: The physical objects that support
innovation
• Roads, refueling stations, internet, smart phones, etc.
• Confusion: knowledge & investment infrastructure
▪ Networks
• Strong vs. weak links
• Key to knowledge exchange, production chains, collaborative R&D...
, • Institutions: sets of common habits, norms, routines, established practices, rules or laws
that regulate the relations and interactions between individuals, groups and organizations.
i.e. ‘rules of the game’
o Formal (hard) institutions: rules that are codified and enforced
o Informal (soft) institutions: tacit rules, shaped by collective interaction
▪ Normative rules: social norms and values with moral significance
▪ Cognitive rules: collective mind frames
→ Supply side
Includes the whole supply chain of products & services:
→ Demand side
Different consumer wants & needs:
• Segmented markets
• Culture: affects uptake of innovation
• Innovations may require new consumer behaviors
→ Knowledge & investment
Dutch research takes place in:
• Universities & medical centers
• Research institutes
• Companies
→ Government
• Different types of government policy instruments:
, o Regulations
o R&D subsidies
o Sales incentives, fiscal policies and buyer (PPI)
o Finance: InvestNL
• Policy made at different levels:
o Local, provincial, national, regional (EU), global
• Government is advised by agencies
→ Intermediaries
• Organizations that bring different actors together: Innovation alliance of government, private
sector, universities and research centers
• Lobby organizations
Interactions: Interrelations between components
• Institutions set restrictions for actors
• Actors influence each other & Institutions
3. There are observable boundaries to the system
• Geographical (RIS/NIS)
• Technological (TIS)
• Sectoral (SIS)
• Societal function (MLP = sociotechnical system (=interactie tussen technologie en samenleving))
Future of IS:
• National
o Big regional innovation differences
o Regional differences in institutions
o Knowledge spillovers & exchange are local
o Supra-regional: too much diversity & complexity!
• Regional
o National language, culture, networks, education, policy
▪ determines innovation patterns
• Global
o Globalization effects very impactful & overlooked
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ehouwy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.97. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now