Summary

Summary Ankylosing Spondylitis (Bechterew’s Disease) - Definition, epidemiology, causes, riskfactors, diagnosis and treatment

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Course
3. Locomotor System

Institution
Maastricht University (UM)

In this summary you'll learn everything you need to know about Ankylosing Spondylitis, also called Bechterew’s Disease. Everything about definition, epidemiology, causes, riskfactors, diagnosis and treatment. This is one of the disease that you need to know for the exam of the Cluster Locomotor S...

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Uploaded on December 11, 2021
Number of pages 7
Written in 2021/2022
Type Summary

ankylosing spondylitis
summary locomotor system
genetics
itm
medicine
bechterews disease
semenvating motion apparatus

Institution
Maastricht University (UM)
Education
International Bachelor Medicine, Geneeskunde
Course
3. Locomotor System

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Ankylosing Spondylitis
Definition
- Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) = an inflammatory disease that, over
time, can cause some of the small bones in the spine (vertebrae) to
fuse
- Also called Bechterew’s disease
- It’s part of Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies (= a group of
autoimmune diseases that affect the joints) and this includes these
other diseases:
o Psoriatic Arthritis: inflammation of the peripheral joints,
tendons or fingers
o Reactive arthritis: inflammation in mainly the knees, feet,
toes, hips and ankles and it usually develops after having an
infection, such as a gastro-enteritis or an STD such as
Chlamydia
o IBD-associated arthritis: people with IBD (inflammatory
bowel disease) can also get arthritis

Epidemiology
- AS affects more men than women
- Symptoms typically begin in early adulthood

1
@MyMedicalPulse

, - More common in white people than African Americans
- Approximately 0,2-0,5% of the US population has AS

Causes and risk factors
AS has so specific cause, however genetic factors seem to be involved:
- People with the HLA-B27 gene are at a greatly increased risk of
developing AS
o HLA-B27 encodes for an MHC class I molecule
- However, not everyone with this gene develops the condition

Pathophysiology:
1) A CD8+ T-cell (Tc-cell) uses its TCR (T cell receptor) to bind to the
antigen presented by the MHC
2) Inflammation process starts by T-cells secreting cytokines to recruit
macrophages and neutrophils
3) The neutrophils will release cytokines, such as TNF-alfa (tumor
necrosis factor) and IL1 (interleukin) which worsen the
inflammation
4) Over time, the inflammation destroys the intervertebral joints, facet
joints and sacroiliac joints
5) Fibroblasts replace the destroyed joint with fibrin —> layers of
fibrin form a tough fibrous band around the joints, which limits the
range of motion
6) Eventually osteoblasts are activated and ossification will start
a. Ossification is the process of turning fibrous tissue into bone

Risk factors include:

2
@MyMedicalPulse

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