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Wereldoriëntatie 1Inhoud
DEEL 1: HET MENSELIJK LICHAAM ................................................................................................................... 5
1 Hoe ziet het eruit? ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 De lichaamsdelen ....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Het skelet .................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1 1.2.1 Kraakbeen, de schokdemper van het lichaam ............................................................. 5
1.2.2 1.2.2 Soorten gewrichten ................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Het beweging- en spierstelsel ..........................................................................................................6
1.4 Het zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Het centrale zenuwstelsel .............................................................................................................6
1.4.2 Het perifere zenuwstelsel ..............................................................................................................6
1.5 De huid ........................................................................................................................................................6
1.6 Het hormonenstelsel.............................................................................................................................6
1.7 Het spijsverteringsstelsel ...................................................................................................................7
1.8 De bloedsomloop ....................................................................................................................................7
1.9 Het ademhalingsstelsel .......................................................................................................................7
1.10 Het voortplantingsstelsel ................................................................................................................... 8
2 De zintuigen....................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Het oog ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Wat zien we? ....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 Hoe is het oog gebouwd? ............................................................................................................... 8
2.1.3 Bouw en werking................................................................................................................................9
2.1.4 Zorg voor de ogen ..............................................................................................................................9
2.1.5 Enkele oogafwijkingen .....................................................................................................................9
2.1.6 Weetjes ................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2 Het oor ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 Hoe is het oor gebouwd.................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.2 Hoe horen we? .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.3 Evenwichtszin ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4 Overdreven lawaai ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.5 Enkele afwijkingen van het oor ............................................................................................. 12
2.2.6 Weetjes ............................................................................................................................................ 13
2.3 De huid ......................................................................................................................................................14
2.3.1 Hoe is de huid gebouwd? ..............................................................................................................14
1
, 2.3.2 Zintuigen in de huid..................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.3 Huid- en haarverzorging .......................................................................................................... 15
2.3.4 Huidaandoeningen....................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.5 Chronische huidziektes ............................................................................................................. 16
2.3.6 Luizen ............................................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.7 Weetjes ............................................................................................................................................ 16
2.4 De tong ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.4.1 De tong, alleen om te proeven? .................................................................................................. 18
2.4.2 Smaakpapillen .............................................................................................................................. 18
2.4.3 Speeksel, meer dan water ....................................................................................................... 19
2.4.4 Weetjes ............................................................................................................................................ 19
2.5 De neus ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.5.1 Neuskeutels/snot ............................................................................................................................ 20
2.5.2 Weetjes ........................................................................................................................................... 20
DEEL 2: GEZONDHEIDSEDUCATIE .................................................................................................................... 21
1 Gezondheidseducatie: gezondheid en ziekte ...................................................................................... 21
1.1 Gezondheid .................................................................................................................................................. 21
1.2 Ziekte ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.2.1 Enkele typische kinderziekten ................................................................................................... 25
2 Gezondheidseducatie: Beter voorkomen dan genezen ................................................................. 28
2.1 Hou de mond gezond .......................................................................................................................... 28
2.1.1 Gezonde tanden krijg je niet cadeau ....................................................................................... 28
2.1.2 Tandbederf ......................................................................................................................................... 29
2.1.3 Tanden poetsen ................................................................................................................................ 30
2.1.4 Weetjes ................................................................................................................................................ 30
2.2 Weet wat je eet ..................................................................................................................................... 30
2.2.1 Voedingsstoffen en voedingsmiddelen................................................................................... 30
2.2.2 De belangrijkste functies van voeding ............................................................................... 30
2.2.3 De noodzakelijkste voedingsstoffen .................................................................................... 31
2.2.4 De voedingsdriehoek................................................................................................................. 33
2.2.5 Voedselbesmetting en voedselvergiftiging ...................................................................... 34
2.2.6 Weetjes ........................................................................................................................................... 34
2.3 Beweeg je fit .......................................................................................................................................... 35
2.3.1 Waarom bewegen met kinderen? ............................................................................................. 35
2.3.2 Fitheid.............................................................................................................................................. 35
2.3.3 Weetjes ........................................................................................................................................... 35
2
, 2.4 Slaap wel................................................................................................................................................. 35
2.4.1 Wat is slaap? ..................................................................................................................................... 35
2.4.2 Verloop van de slaap ................................................................................................................. 36
2.4.3 Weetjes ........................................................................................................................................... 36
DEEL 3: RELATIONELE EN SEKSUELE VORMING ..................................................................................... 37
1 Relationele en seksuele vorming bij jonge kinderen ..................................................................... 37
1.1 Seksualiteit, wat is dat eigenlijk?....................................................................................................... 37
1.2 Seksualiteit, bestaat dat bij kinderen? ........................................................................................ 37
1.3 De psychoseksuele ontwikkeling .................................................................................................. 37
1.4 Praten met kinderen over seksualiteit ....................................................................................... 37
1.5 Ben je een jongen of een meisje? ................................................................................................. 38
1.6 Ben je verliefd? ..................................................................................................................................... 38
1.7 Zoenen en knuffelen ........................................................................................................................... 38
1.8 Vrijen ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
1.9 Waar komen baby’s vandaan? ........................................................................................................ 38
DEEL 4: EHBO .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
1 De basis van eerste hulp ........................................................................................................................... 39
2 Huidwonden.....................................................................................................................................................40
2.1 Verzorgen van een huidwonde .......................................................................................................40
2.2 De schaafwonde ....................................................................................................................................41
2.3 De snijwonde ..........................................................................................................................................41
2.4 Splinterwonde ........................................................................................................................................41
2.5 Bijtwonde .................................................................................................................................................41
2.6 De amputatie...........................................................................................................................................41
2.7 Brandwonden ........................................................................................................................................ 42
3 Bloedingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
3.1 Neusbloeding ......................................................................................................................................... 42
3.2 Bloeding uit de mond.......................................................................................................................... 42
3.3 Zwelling/blauwe plek/kneuzing ..................................................................................................... 42
3.4 Ernstige bloeding ................................................................................................................................. 42
3.5 Tandletsel................................................................................................................................................ 43
4 Het bewegingsstelsel .................................................................................................................................. 43
4.1 De verstuiking ....................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2 De fractuur of breuk ........................................................................................................................... 43
4.3 Luxatie = uit de kom............................................................................................................................ 43
5 Ademhaling...................................................................................................................................................... 43
3
, 5.1 Astma en kortademigheid ................................................................................................................ 43
5.2 Verslikking – verstikking ..................................................................................................................44
5.3 Hyperventilatie ......................................................................................................................................44
6 Zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................................................................................44
6.1 Flauwte ....................................................................................................................................................44
6.2 Stuipen en epilepsie ...........................................................................................................................44
7 Andere ziektebeelden .................................................................................................................................44
7.1 Diabetes ...................................................................................................................................................44
7.2 Vergiftiging ............................................................................................................................................. 45
7.3 Hoofdpijn ................................................................................................................................................. 45
7.4 Oorpijn ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
7.5 Mishandeling.......................................................................................................................................... 45
7.6 Allergische reacties............................................................................................................................ 45
8 Preventie .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
4
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