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College-aantekeningen IPC
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College-aantekeningen van het vak Interpersonal Communication, m.u.v. alle voorbeelden van onderzoeken
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Samenvatting skilled interpersonal communication
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Samenvatting Skilled Interpersonal Communication, ISBN: 9781032008783 Interpersoonlijke Communicatie (IPC)
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Aantekeningen WG + HCWerkgroep 01-11-2021
Filmpje Meg Ryan
- Welke vormen van non-verbale communicatie?
- Lachen
- Oogcontact
- Handbewegingen
- Knikken
- Gezichtsuitdrukkingen
- Hummen
- Naar voren leunen
College 2 Nonverbal behavior and deception
Nonverbal communication: conveying personal and social identity
Leaving an impression on others:
- Often unconscious, unintentional, uncontrollable
- Conscious, strategic use of NVB/signals
Facial appearance
- Attractiveness
- Symmetry
- Averageness
- Tests and demos
Facial appearance and social judgement
- Attractiveness bias
- Symmetrical and average face
- Judged as more likable, socially competent, outgoing, intelligent, healthy
- Halo e ect
- Initial positive evaluation of a person induces more positive avulsions of other
characteristics
- Baby-face bias
- Round face, large eyes, small jawbones, high forehead, small chin
- Rated as more naïve, weak, honest, helpless, kind, less competent, les dominant
- Facial features are linked to judgements of personality
- Judgments are made very quickly, high consensus among judges
- Our brain categorizes faces automatically
- Perceptions re ect visual stereotypes, not real personality characteristics
- Real world consequences: discrimination (faceism)
- More likely to vote for politicians who look competent, to invest in people who look
trustworthy
- Physically attractive —> advantages
- Higher grades, more successful when applying for job, lower punishment in lawsuits,
receive help more quickly, more likely elected
- Baby face
- More often innocent in lawsuits, but not when it comes to negligence
- Social categorization and stereotypes: gender, age, ethnicity, religion, body weight etc.
Categorization, stereotypes and behavior
- Black Live Matters
- Shooting bias experiment
- Avatar experiment
- Distance: Moroccan > Dutch
Pagina 1
ff fl
, - Skin conductance: Moroccan > Dutch
- Heart rate: Moroccan < Dutch
- Zie slides
Stereotypes and behavior
- Facial features activate stereotypes
- Stereotypes subtly in uences our interpersonal behavior
- Outside awareness —> automatic
- —> impressions can be misleading
Nonverbal cues to deception
- What is deception?
- A conscious attempt to make someone else believe something of which he deceiver
knows it is not true
- Why would a liar shown di erent behavior than a person telling the truth
- Assumed that when a person is lying:
- More physical stress
- More/other emotions
- More cognitive e ort
- Attempt to control own behavior
- Deception cues: indicate that deception is taking place
- Leakage cues: reveal what the liar is try to hide
- E.g. honest/deceptive interview experiment (zie slides)
College 3 Mediated Interpersonal Communication
Research into e ects of media
- Face-to-face communication
- What are the e ects of:
- Nonverbal communication
- Visual information
- Synchronicity
- Etc.
- Computer mediated communication
- What are the e ects of the lack of:
- Nonverbal communication
- Visual information
- Synchronicity
- Etc.
Pagina 2
ff ff fl ff
, Social Presence Theory
- First serious exploration of the e ect of technology on interpersonal communication processes
- E ects of phones and phone-conferences
- Social presence = the degree of awareness of the person in the interaction
- > social presence > social in uence
- Text <————————audio———————————> FtF
Limited social presence Abundant social presence
Few possibilities for exercising social in uence Many possibilities for exercising social
in uence
Media Richness Theory
- Bandwidth: The capacity of a medium to transmit di erent signals
- Media di er in the possibility to:
- Convey multiple cues (e.g.,body language, vocal, touch)
- Facilitate feedback (e.g., co-temporality, simultaneity)
- Exchange of socio-emotional cues}
- Use “natural language” (e.g., telegraph vs spoken)
- Fit between complexity message and richness of media
- Complexity of message is determined by:
- Uncertainty: the lack of information
- Equivocality: complexity of the assignment/ambiguity
- Degree of routine: the experience with the task/message
Examples:
- Over simpli cation: a breakup message
- Over complication: visit someone and ask them something
Reduced Social Cues
- Central question: what happens if the sender and miss all kinds of social information about
each other?
- Consequences on 2 ‘levels’:
- Lack of knowledge about who someone is
- Cues to identity
Pagina 3
fffl
ff fi fl ff fl ff
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