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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 11: DNA-replicatie in de cel $7.45   Add to cart

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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 11: DNA-replicatie in de cel

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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 11: DNA-replicatie in de cel

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  • December 21, 2021
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  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Hoofdstuk 11: DNA-replicatie in de cel
• Nieuwe streng bestaat uit een oude en een nieuwe enkelstreng
⤷ Semiconservatieve replicatie
• Bij organismen met circulair genoom: Ө-structuur




• Replicatie is bidirectioneel
Start op de ori
• Synthese:
→ Start van 5’ → 3’ (oude streng wordt afgelopen van 3’ → 5’)
⤷ template
→ DNA-polymerase hecht 3’OH-groep v/d vorige nucleotide vast aan de volgende via een
fosfordiesterverbinding
→ Primer: oligonucleotide met vrije 3’OH-groep die zal binden aan de template
⤷ DNA polymerase hangt de nucleotiden daaraan
→ DNA-polymerase: altijd van 5’ → 3’ (nieuwe keten groeit aan 3’-uiteinde)
→ Mg+ is belangrijk bij synthese
→ Replisoom: complete replicatieapparaat
• Replicatie in prokaryoten:
→ DNA-polymerase in E. coli
▪ DNA-polymerase I; herstelenzyme, exonuclease1 van 3’ → 5’ en 5’ → 3’
⤷ eerst ontdekt
▪ DNA polymerase II; herstelenzyme (zware beschadigingen)
⤷ ook 4 en 5
▪ DNA-polymerase III:
- Echte replicatie enzym
- Exonuclease van 3’ → 5’ en synthese van 5’ → 3’
→ Replicatie in E. coli:
▪ Prepriming complex: eiwitten (dnaA, B en C) binden op ori
▪ dnaB = helicase, start ontwinding vanuit ori => replicatiebubbel
▪ Enkelstrengig-DNA-bindende eiwitten (SBB-proteïnen) houden strengen open
▪ Topoïsomerasen zorgen dat de helix niet overwonden wordt door helicase
Knippen de strengen (1 of 2 strengen)
▪ Leading en lagging streng => vork2 beweegt naar de kant v/d leading streng
⤷ Okazaki-fragmenten
▪ Primase maakt een RNA-primer aan => DNA-synthese kan beginnen
Heeft geen primer nodig
▪ DNA-polymerase III gebruikt de RNA-primer als aanhechtingspunt




1
Exonuclease: proofreading, verwijdert foute base
2
Groeivork:

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