100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 10: Genomen $6.19   Add to cart

Summary

samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 10: Genomen

 1 view  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 10: Genomen

Preview 1 out of 1  pages

  • December 21, 2021
  • 1
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Hoofdstuk 10: Genomen
• Genoom coronavirus: RNA
• Supercoil: “over (spannend)- of onder (ontspannend)-winding” => compact
⤷ Gebeurt door enzymen: topoïsomerasen
• 3 vormen van DNA-helix: B-helix, (A- of Z- helix)
• Negatieve supercoil => minder spanning in het DNA
⤷ In tegengestelde richting v/ helix (even compact als positieve)
• Chromatine = DNA + histonen (HU bij prokaryoten)
⤷ Structurele, DNA-bindende eiwitten
Complex van DNA rond histonen (parelsnoer)
= superhelix/solenoïd 4 histoneiwitten + DNA ← nucleosoom

• Parels worden verbonden door ander histoneiwit => draad (30nm)
• Nucleair skelet of scaffold: niet-histoneiwitten => DNA-lussen (van solenoïden)
• Verdere spiralisatie/ condensatie: metafase (=> volledig opgevouwen)
• Interfase: lussen, hetero- of euchromatine
• Telomeren en centromeren: specifieke DNA-sequenties
• Er zijn ook een aantal “autonomous replicating sequences”
• Prokaryotisch genoom
→ Meestal in cirkel van dubbelstrengig DNA = nucleoïd
→ Plasmiden:
▪ Onafhankelijke replicatie van grotere genoom
▪ Vaak kenmerken die nuttig kunnen zijn
▪ Soms integratie met chromosoom => episoom
▪ Conjugatie = overdracht tussen cellen
▪ Incompatibiliteitsgroepen
• Eukaryotisch genoom:
→ Kern ontstaan door instulping (=invaginatie) membraan v/e prokaryoot
→ Organellen: endosymbionthypothese
→ Kern in interactie met cytoplasma
→ Veel meer DNA dan hoeveelheid nodig voor genen
→ Repetitief DNA verklaar vaak verschillen in genoomgrootte
→ Introns, transposons, …
→ Lineaire DNA-moleculen: chromosomen
→ Vaak diploïd (geslachtscellen haploïd)
→ Verpakt in chromatine (niet zo bij prokaryoten)
→ Organelgenomen:
▪ Cirkelvormig, meerdere kopijen/ organel, beperkt # genen
▪ Eigen genetisch systeem maar ook eiwitten gecodeerd in kern
▪ Via maternale overerving (meestal) => geen recombinatie
▪ In het mitochondriaal DNA sneller mutaties want minder herstelmechanismen
=> ziektes
 Vergelijkende moleculaire analyses
▪ Meerdere genoomkopieën/ cel want meerdere mitochondriën

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ameliakirkov. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.19. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

73243 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$6.19
  • (0)
  Add to cart