Hoofdstuk 8: DNA-structuur
• Transformerend principe: cellen transformeren andere cellen
• Nucleotiden zijn gebonden met fosfordiësterverbindingen
#A en #C
॥ ॥ bindt met
#T #G ⤷ Pyrimidines ⤷ Purines
• Dubbele helix:
▪ N-basen aan binnenkant (hydrofoob)
▪ Suikerfosfaten aan buitenkant (hydrofiel)
▪ H-bruggen
▪ Antiparallele ketens (tegengestelde richting) 34 Å
▪ 10 basen/draai
▪ Complementaire strengen 20 Å
• Als er niets bij staat, lezen we van links naar rechts en gaan we ervan uit dat dit 5’ → 3’ is
• Palindroom = omgekeerde herhaling
• 1 000 000 basen = 1 megabase (Mb) en 1 000 basen = 1 kilobase (kb)
• Transcriptie: DNA naar mRNA door RNA-polymerase
• Translatie: eiwitsynthese: mRNA → eiwitten
• 1 codon = 3 nucleotiden
• Ribosomen: vertalen mRNA m.b.v. tRNA
• ORF: open leesraam: begint met ATG en codeert voor een eiwit, loopt per 3 basen door tot
een stopteken
• 6 mogelijke leesramen (3/streng): +1, +2, +3, -1, -2, -3
• ncRNA = niet-coderend, leidt niet tot eiwitten
⤷ Complexiteit is hoger bij complexere organismen
• Mutatie = verandering in nucleotidensequentie
⤷ Evolutionaire afstand van organismen
• Diploïd: 2 homologe chromosomen → homo- of heterozygoot
• SNP (single nucleotide polymorfismen): verschil van 1 nucleotide
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ameliakirkov. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.97. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.