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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 8: DNA-structuur
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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 8: DNA-structuur
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Hoofdstuk 8: DNA-structuur• Transformerend principe: cellen transformeren andere cellen
• Nucleotiden zijn gebonden met fosfordiësterverbindingen
#A en #C
॥ ॥ bindt met
#T #G ⤷ Pyrimidines ⤷ Purines
• Dubbele helix:
▪ N-basen aan binnenkant (hydrofoob)
▪ Suikerfosfaten aan buitenkant (hydrofiel)
▪ H-bruggen
▪ Antiparallele ketens (tegengestelde richting) 34 Å
▪ 10 basen/draai
▪ Complementaire strengen 20 Å
• Als er niets bij staat, lezen we van links naar rechts en gaan we ervan uit dat dit 5’ → 3’ is
• Palindroom = omgekeerde herhaling
• 1 000 000 basen = 1 megabase (Mb) en 1 000 basen = 1 kilobase (kb)
• Transcriptie: DNA naar mRNA door RNA-polymerase
• Translatie: eiwitsynthese: mRNA → eiwitten
• 1 codon = 3 nucleotiden
• Ribosomen: vertalen mRNA m.b.v. tRNA
• ORF: open leesraam: begint met ATG en codeert voor een eiwit, loopt per 3 basen door tot
een stopteken
• 6 mogelijke leesramen (3/streng): +1, +2, +3, -1, -2, -3
• ncRNA = niet-coderend, leidt niet tot eiwitten
⤷ Complexiteit is hoger bij complexere organismen
• Mutatie = verandering in nucleotidensequentie
⤷ Evolutionaire afstand van organismen
• Diploïd: 2 homologe chromosomen → homo- of heterozygoot
• SNP (single nucleotide polymorfismen): verschil van 1 nucleotide
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