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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 5: Eukaryote cellen I $9.13
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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 5: Eukaryote cellen I

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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 5: Eukaryote cellen I

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  • December 21, 2021
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  • 2021/2022
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Hoofdstuk 5: Eukaryote cellen I
• Eukaryote cellen: celkern en organellen
⤷ Geëvolueerd uit prokaryoten door endosymbiose mitochondriën
Chloroplasten
→ mitochondriën en chloroplasten hebben zoals bacteriën 1 circulair DNA,
hebben dubbelmembraan en delen als bacteriën
• Protista: divers ↱ Interne structuur en intern transport beperkt
• Celgrootte beperkt door celoppervlak => grote cellen = trage diffusie Moeilijk om
 Overgang naar meercelligheid (=> differentiatie) concentratie te
• Volvox: kolonies van ééncellige algen → SOMS differentiatie, bv. ei- en zaadcellen reguleren

• Celkern: nucleus → controlecentrum van cellulaire activiteit
→ kernmembraan: gevormd door instulping celmembraan (dubbel)
▪ Bescherming DNA-moleculen tegen trekkrachten
▪ Regulatie van genexpressie: DNA
▪ Inhoud = amorfe massa
⤷ tijdens interface: RNA
chromatine EN Eiwit
nucleaire matrix EN
nuclear bodies EN nucleoplasma
▪ Nucleaire poriën: proteïnecomplexen
▪ Nucleair lamina: ondersteuning
Synthese RNA +
→ nuclear bodies: compartimenteren nucleus, bv. nucleoli (= kernlichaam) ribosoomproductie
→ nucleaire matrix: fibrillair netwerk: structuur + organisatie chromatine-lussen +
ankerplaats voor machinerie
→ nucleoplasma: viskeuze vloeistof met oplosbare substanties
→ DNA verdeeld over chromosomen < chromatine + histoneiwitten
→ heterochromatine (= compact)
→ euchromatine (= minder compact) chromosoom
• Mitochondriën < prokaryoot (dubbel membraan, aeroob metabolisme, manier van deling,
gevoelig voor antimicrobiële antibiotica, gelijkaardige genexpressie en enzymsysteem als
bacteriën, eigen genoom => endosymbiose)
→ buitenste membraan glad, binnenste ingeplooid
→ vermeerdering via binaire fissie (doorgave via eicel)
↱ oxidatieve fosforylatie
→ aerobe respiratie: energie voeding => energie ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + (30 keer) ATP
→ dubbelmembraan:
▪ Ertussen intermembraanruimte
▪ Instulpingen in binnenste = cristae (=> groter celoppervlak)
▪ Inhoud = matrix
• Aerobe respiratie:
→ Glycolyse: opsplitsing van glucose naar 2x pyruvaat in cytosol

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