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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 4: Prokaryote cellen $3.79   Add to cart

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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 4: Prokaryote cellen

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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 4: Prokaryote cellen

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  • December 21, 2021
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Hoofdstuk 4: Prokaryote cellen
• Het eerste leven was prokaryotisch → grotere diversiteit
• Stromatolieten: biofilm van bacteriën en kalksteenprecipatie
• Cyanobacteriën: fotosynthese 6CO2 + 6H2O + licht → C6H12O6
• Prokaryoten → bacteriën
→ archaea bacterie
• 3 groepen: bolvormige kokken, staafvormige bacillen, spiraalvormige micro-organismen
• Archaea: extreme omstandigheden, misschien meer verwant met eukaryoten dan bacteriën?
⤷ transcriptie en translatie gelijkaardig
• Bacteriële celwand:
▪ Alternerende ketens van N-acetylglucosamine e N-acetyl-muraminezuur via
peptidebindingen = peptidoglycaan




→ Gram -positief: dikke peptidoglycaanlaag in celwand
-negatief: dunne peptidoglycaanlaag maar extra buitenmembraan
Paarse kristallen gevormd in cel, kunnen niet naar buiten bij Gram-positieve cellen
=> paarse kleur
Eerst paarse kleuring. Jodide vormt kristallen (grote). Alcohol dehydrateert dikke G+-
peptidoglycaanlaag maar de laag blijft intact. Bij de G- gaan de paarse kristallen naar buiten
en is er roze tegenkleuring. Bij G+ komen de kristallen niet naar buiten.

▪ Cytoplasma van prokaryoten (geen organellen)
→ DNA opgevouwen in supercoil met histonachtige eiwitten in cytoplasma: het nucleoïd
→ cytosol: waterig, nucleoïd, ribosomen en cytoskeletstructuren
→ plasmiden: DNA-cirkels, doorgifte om info te delen
→ ribosomen: eiwitsynthese
→ cytoskelet: structuur, transport, beweging
→ inclusielichamen = hoge concentraties aan bepaalde molecule = granulen zoals bv.
glycogeen of zwavel
▪ Cyanobacteriën zijn de enige prokaryoten met intern membraan
⤷ Interne membranen voor fotosynthese, simpele vorm van structuur chloroplast
⤷ Endosymbiose?

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