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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 2: Moleculen van cellen
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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 2: Moleculen van cellen
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Hoofdstuk 2: Moleculen van cellen• Koolstoffen en water: → ionen lossen op in water (cohesie, H-brug)
⤷ osmoseregulatie, celsignalisatie, cofactoren
C → kolstofketens: eiwitten, proteïnen, nucleïnezuren, koolhydraten
→ Stereo-isomeren: chirale (=asymmetrische) C-atoom verbindingen
⤷ D- en G-glucose
• Organisatie van polymerisatie:
Kleine organische moleculen Macro-moleculen
Glucose en andere monosachariden → Polysachariden
Glycerol, vetzuren, steroïden → Lipiden
Aminozuren → Proteïnen
Nucleotiden → Nucleïnezuren
▪ Enkelvoudige suikers en polysachariden: voedingsstoffen
→ Monomeren:
→ Stereo-isomeren op C-1
Fructose Galactose Β-glucosamine N-acetylglucosamine
→ Disachariden: maltose (2 glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose +
galactose)
→ Polysachariden: zetmeel, glycogeen (≈ amylopectine maar bij dieren)
⤷ α-1,4-glucosepolymeer, amylose + amylopectine
↓
onvertakt zetmeel vertakt via α-1,6-verbindingen
Cellulose (celwand plant), chitine (celwand fungi)
⤷ polymeer van N-acetylglucosamine
→ Soms aldehide ( =O/\ eindstandig) of keton (=O=)
• Aminozuren en eiwitten (L- en D-vorm maar enkel L-vorm in eiwitten)
L-vorm: NH3+ langs links
C = centraal c-atoom
= carboxylgroep
= aminogroep
= unieke zijketen
→ Koppeling via carboxylgroep en aminogroep + H2O
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